石刻文献的多维面相与多元研究谫论

A Brief Study of the Multiple Perspectives and Research of Stone Inscription Documents

目前的石刻文献研究主要体现在史料的比勘验照、查漏补缺意义上。实际上,石刻具有多维面相,兼有物质载体与文献内容的双重意义,其研究角度亦可多元。已有的石刻研究,主要存在重文字轻图像、重碑志轻题识、重作者轻书者石工拓工、重静态石本轻动态立石与流通、重出土石本轻传世纸本、重汉字轻非汉字、轻石刻主体研究等偏向。有关石刻研究,除了传统的语言文字学与历史文化视角,还可在文本学、物质文化、空间文化、视觉文化、阅读史等视角进行拓新考察。要拓新多元研究视角,其中尤为重要的是培养研究人员的石刻主体研究观念,将石刻从作为史料的“身份定位”与传世文献之“附庸”的角色里解放出来,单独予以主体性观照。另外,在当今学科体制下,对石刻进行学科意义层面的提升,有利于石刻文献研究朝多元方向发展。

The current research on stone inscription is mainly reflected in the comparison and verification of historical records as well as checking whether there are still something important skipped over.In fact,stone inscriptions have multiple perspectives,which possess the dual meaning of material carrier and document content.Therefore,their research perspectives can also be diverse.The existing researches on stone inscriptions mainly have the following biases:texts over images,epitaphs over inscriptions,authors over calligraphers,engravers and rubbings makers,static research on stone inscription rubbings over dynamic research on the process of its standing up and spreading,excavated rubbings over transmitted books,Chinese characters over non-Chinese characters,and finally they make light of researching stone inscription as a specialized subject.In addition to the perspectives of traditional linguistics and historical culture,research on stone inscription can also be explored from the perspectives of textology,material culture,space culture,visual culture,history of reading and so on.To innovate multiple researching perspectives,it is especially important to cultivate researchers’cognition of taking stone inscription research as a specific subject.Thus,they may liberate stone inscription from the role of“identity positioning”as a historical material and the“vassal”of the ancient literature,giving it subjective research separately.Furthermore,under the current disciplinary system,the enhancement of stone inscription’s level of disciplinary significance is conductive to the development of stone inscription research in multiple directions.