某医院新冠肺炎疫情前后医院感染现患率变化对比研究

Comparative study on changes in prevalence of nosocomial infections before and after COVID-19 epidemic in a hospital

目的了解新冠肺炎疫情前后医院感染现患率现状、医院感染部位及抗菌药物使用情况,探索重大公共卫生突发事件对医院感染管理工作的影响。方法采取横断面调查法,通过床旁调查和病例调查相结合完成调查,选取2019年5月22日和2020年6月23日为调查日,对该院所有住院患者开展医院感染现患率调查。结果2020年医院感染现患率从2019年的2.81%降到2.32%;2020年现患率排前10位的科室,除康复医学科与神经外科,其余科室较2019年现患率均有下降;2年医院感染部位均以下呼吸道感染为主,2020年手术部位感染和腹部消化系统感染占比上升;2年医院感染病原体均以革兰阴性菌为主,2020年肺炎克雷伯菌占比上升。结论新型冠状病毒疫情前后医院感染现患率明显下降,疫情防控措施对医院感染管理工作有推动作用。

Objective To understand the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection,the site of nosocomial infection and the use of antibacterial drugs before and after the COVID-19 epidemic,so as to explore the impact of major public health emergencies on the management of nosocomial infection.Methods A combination of bedside investigation and medical record investigation was adopted,and May 22,2019 and June 23,2020 were selected as the investigation days to conduct nosocomial infection prevalence surveys for all inpatients in the hospital.Results The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection in 2020 was 2.31%,which is lower than 2.81%in 2019;except for rehabilitation medicine and neurosurgery,the prevalence rate of the top 10 departments in 2020 decreased compared with that in 2019.In these two years,the nosocomial infection sites were mainly lower respiratory tract infection,and the proportion of surgical site infection and abdominal digestive system infection increased in 2020.The pathogens of nosocomial infection were mainly Gram-negative bacteria in the two years,and the proportion of Klebsiella pneumoniae increased in 2020.Conclusion The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection before and after the COVID-19 epidemic has decreased significantly,and the prevention and control measures of the epidemic have a positive effect on the management of nosocomial infection.