湖南省医院感染性废弃物收集与微生物污染现状调查

Investigation on the status quo of hospital infectious waste collection and microbial contamination in Hunan province

目的了解医院感染性医疗废弃物收集与微生物污染现况,为医院感染性废弃物收集标准的制订提供科学依据。方法采取书面调查与现场采样,对湖南省部分二级和三级医院的感染性废弃物收集处理现况与微生物污染现况进行调查。结果共调查湖南省辖区内16家医院的感染性废弃物收集现况与微生物污染现况,所调查的不同级别的医疗机构在医院感染性废弃物收集管理中存在人员安全防护措施和感染控制执行措施不到位的情况。在未经消毒处理的医疗废弃物和感染性医疗废弃物专用存放器具中,以及医疗废弃物集中的暂存处(点)空气中,所采样品均检出致病菌及条件致病菌;医疗废弃物样品中致病菌及条件致病菌检出率与空气样品中检出率差异显著,检验科样品中致病菌及条件致病菌检出率与医疗废弃物暂存处样品中检出率差异显著。结论未经消毒处理的医疗废弃物中检出致病菌及条件致病菌,有潜在的感染风险,制订严格的医院感染性废弃物收集标准十分必要。

Objective To understand the status of hospital infectious medical waste collection and microbial contamination,and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of hospital infectious waste collection standards.Methods Written survey combined with on-site sampling were used to investigate the status of infectious waste collection and treatment and microbial contamination in some secondary and tertiary hospitals in Hunan Province.Results A total of 16 hospitals in Hunan Province were surveyed on the status of infectious waste collection and microbial contamination.The surveyed medical institutions of different levels had insufficiency of personnel safety protection and infection control implementation measures in the collection and management of hospital infectious waste.In the special storage appliances for non-sterilized medical waste and infectious medical waste,as well as in the air of the temporary storage places(or points)where medical waste was centralized,pathogenic bacteria and conditional pathogens were detected in the samples.The difference in detection rate of pathogenic bacteria and conditional pathogens between medical waste samples and air samples was statistically significant,and the difference in detection rate of pathogenic bacteria and conditional pathogens between clinical laboratory samples and samples of medical waste temporary storage was statistically significant.Conclusion Pathogenic bacteria and conditional pathogens are detected in non-sterilized medical waste,and there is a potential risk of infection.It is necessary to establish strict standards for hospital infectious waste collection.