产权保护及其经济绩效——兼论产权保护量化演变和“中国之谜”的实质

Property Rights Protection and Its Economic Performance--On the Quantitative Evolution of Property Rights Protection and the Essence of“the Mystery of China”

一般认为产权保护等制度性因素是经济长期增长的主要源泉和引致各国经济社会发展差距的主要因素。但是,中国在较低产权保护水平下却取得了长期快速的经济增长,由此形成了“中国之谜”这一命题。在这一现实背景下,充分认识产权保护与实现经济增长关系的内在机制具有重要意义。从制度经济学角度可将产权保护理论划分为三大分析框架,即翁贝克—贝茨—德·索托的产权保护理论、卡拉布雷西—巴泽尔—波斯纳的产权保护理论以及诺思—阿西莫格鲁—奥尔森的产权保护理论,以此为理论依据,本文对产权保护的概念进行界定,并进一步基于主体行为规范和合同执行约束两大产权保护条件,对产权保护程度量化演变进行了分析。中国之谜命题的实质仍是产权保护经济绩效的另一体现,该命题和“最优产权保护”假说的提出为中国产权制度完善和增强经济社会发展的可持续性提供了启示。

It is generally believed that institutional factors such as property rights protection are the main source of long-term economic growth and the main factors leading to the gap in economic and social development between countries.However,China has achieved long-term rapid economic growth at a lower level of property rights protection,thus creating the proposition of“the mystery of China”.Under this realistic background,it is of great significance to fully understand the internal mechanism of the relationship between property rights protection and economic growth.From the perspective of institutional economics,the theory of property rights protection can be divided into three analytical frameworks,namely,the theory of property rights protection following Umbeck-Bates-De Soto,the theory of property rights protection following Calabresi-Barzel-Posner and the theory of property rights protection following North-Acemoglu-Olson.Based on this,the concept of property rights protection is defined,and the quantitative evolution of property rights protection are further analyzed by discussing the two main conditions of property rights protection,namely,the subject behavior norms and contract execution constraints.It should be said that the essence of the“mystery of China”proposition is still another reflection of economic performance of property rights protection,and the proposition and the“optimal property rights protection”hypothesis provide inspiration for the improvement of China's property rights system and enhance the sustainability of economic and social development.