呼伦湖国家级自然保护区湿生植物群落类型及分布特征

Hulun Lake National Nature Reserve Community Types and Distribution Characteristics of WetPlant

为明晰呼伦湖湿生植物群落类型、生境、分布面积及分布区域,以呼伦湖国家级自然保护区为研究对象,以呼伦湖湖边的浅水区、入湖口以及乌尔逊河两岸为研究区域,采取典型的样方法等调查方法对呼伦湖典型植物群落进行分析。结果表明:研究区域灌木主要以小红柳为主;草本群落主要有芦苇群落、野大麦群落、拂子茅群落、小糠草群落、碱蓬群落、灰脉苔草群落、菰群落、芦苇+拂子茅群落、芦苇+野大麦群落、芦苇+碱蓬群落、湿生千里光群落、狭叶香蒲群落、长芒稗群落、马蔺群落、灰绿藜群落,其中野大麦群落、芦苇群落面积占绝对优势;分布格局上,各植物群落沿距湖岸、河岸的远近呈明显带状分布,由于受局部地形影响,形成季节性积水,各种植物群落呈现大小不一的斑块状分布和交错分布特征。

Taking the Hulun Lake National Nature Reserve as the research object,the shallow water area near Hulun Lake,the entrance of Hulun Lake and the banks of Wuerxun River as the research area,this paper clarifies the types,habitats,distribution areas and distribution areas of the wet plant communities in Hulun Lake,and adopts typical sample methods to analyze the typical plant communities in Hulun Lake.The results showed that the shrubs in the study area were mainly small red willow,while the herbal communities were mainly reed community,wild barley community,Brussel grass community,bran grass community,Suaeda salsa community,Carex grayi community,bramble community,reed+Brussels fescue community,reed+wild barley community,reed+alkali poplar community,wet Senecio community,cattail community,barnyard barnyard barnyard community,horsefly community.Distribution pattern of plant communities along the distance from lake bank and river bank showed obvious zonal distribution.Due to the influence of local topography,seasonal water accumulation was formed.Patch distribution and cross distribution characteristics of different plant communities appeared.