家务分工与幸福感

Division of Housework and Family Happiness

家庭日均家务劳动时间为4~5小时,约3/4的家务由女性承担,但关于家务分工会如何影响幸福感的研究却不足。本文基于2017年中国时间利用调查数据(CTUS),使用有序概率模型(Ordered Probit)和条件混合估计(CMP)方法研究家务分工对夫妻幸福感的影响,发现妻子家务时间占比对丈夫幸福感水平没有影响,丈夫家务时间占比对妻子幸福感有正向促进作用,且具有倒U型关系。影响机制分析表明,公平感知是影响妻子幸福感的重要渠道,如果丈夫家务时间高于社区平均水平会显著提高妻子幸福感;提高丈夫家务时间占比,可以缓解妻子时间贫困,进而提高其幸福感水平。本文验证了相对资源理论,受教育程度高的一方因有资源优势而降低家务劳动时间。

The average time for daily housework in a family is about 4 to 5 hours,and about three-quarters of the housework is undertaken by women.Currently,researches on how housework division affects family happiness are inadequate.Based on the 2017 Chinese Time Use Survey(CTUS),this paper uses the Ordered Probit and Conditional Mixed Process(CMP)methods to examine the impact of housework division on couple's perception of happiness.We find that a wife's percentage of housework time has no significant effect on husband's happiness,while the husband's percentage of housework time can promote wife's happiness,and it has a U-shaped effect on the wife's happiness.Mechanism analysis suggests that the wife's actual perception of fairness plays an important role.She will feel much happier if her husband undertakes more household work than the average amount of the local community.Increasing husband's share of housework can alleviate the wife's time shortage and improve her happiness.The results provide empirical support to the theory of relative resources,which suggests that the one with higher education in a family usually take less housework because of the resources advantages.