公路隧道疲劳缓解灯光带对驾驶员眼动特征影响研究

Study on Drivers′Eye Movement Characteristics Affected by the Fatigue Mitigation Light Belt in Highway Tunnels

公路隧道疲劳缓解灯光带的设置可以改善隧道内视觉环境,但其形式设计过于复杂会导致驾驶员的注意力过多地转移到灯光带上,危害驾驶安全。基于此,文章依托杨林特长隧道,利用眼动仪对驾驶员在隧道内以及疲劳缓解灯光带段的眼动特征进行现场测试,通过对比得到疲劳缓解灯光带对眼动特征的影响规律。研究结果表明:在灯光带段内驾驶员的注视范围扩大,呈线状向两侧隧道壁分布;驾驶员在疲劳缓解灯光带段内对隧道壁的注视时间更长,但仍远小于对中央主视区远方的注视时间;疲劳缓解灯光带段驾驶员在中央主视区远方的眼动类型几乎均为注视,而在两侧隧道壁的区域眼跳占据一定比例;在通过杨林特长隧道疲劳缓解灯光带时驾驶员主要关注的仍是前方的道路情况,驾驶员可以较为容易地获得并感知墙壁图案提供的信息。

The provision of a fatigue mitigation light belt in highway tunnels can improve drivers′visual environ⁃ment.However,if its design is too complicated,drivers will shift their attention to the light belts,which will endan⁃ger the driving safety.Hence,based on the Yanglin extra-long tunnel,the eye movement characteristics of the driver in the fatigue mitigation light belt section and the other tunnel sections are tested using the eye tracker,and the law of influence of the fatigue mitigation light belt on the eye movement characteristics is obtained by comparison.The results show that the drivers′fixation range in the light belt section is expanded and distributed linearly to the tunnel walls on both sides;the drivers′fixation time on the tunnel wall in the light belt section is longer,but it is still much shorter than the fixation time on the far distance in the central main visual area;in the tunnel section with the fa⁃tigue mitigation light belt,the drivers′eye movement type in the central main visual area is almost gaze,with the eye saccade occupying a certain proportion in the areas of tunnel walls on both sides;when passing through the fatigue mitigation light belt section of Yanglin extra-long tunnel,the drivers′main concern is still the road ahead and the driver can easily obtain and perceive the information of the wall pattern.