中国专利政策的演进研究

Research on the evolution of China’s patent policy

以1984-2019年国家层面发布的298项专利政策为研究对象,对我国专利政策的演进、发文府际关系、不同阶段的政策结构特征、总体演进逻辑等进行系统分析。研究发现:随着科学技术与市场经济的发展,中国的专利政策呈现明显的阶段性特征,自1984年专利制度建立以来历经了改革开放内需驱动下的初步确立阶段、迫于国际压力下的与国际接轨阶段、全力提升自主创新能力阶段和由专利大国迈向专利强国的全面治理阶段。整个演进过程反映了专利在社会经济发展中重要性的变化、不同阶段发展重心的变化以及政府运用政策工具的特点和规律。在总体演进过程中专利政策的体系不断扩张,体现出与国家创新体系、科技管理体系、产业经济体系等不断融合的特征,同时其自身功能定位从传统的权利保护鼓励创造向激励创新、促进产业化应用和经济体制变革等综合功能转变。

Selecting 298 patent policies texts issued at the national level from 1984 to 2019 as the main research object.We systematically analyzes the historical evolution of China’s patent policy,inter-public relations,policy structure characteristics about different stages,overall evolution logic and trend.The study found that:China’s patent policy has obvious stage characteristics.It has gone through the domestic demand of initial establishment stage driven by reform and opening-up.The stage of integration with the international standards under the international pressure.The stage of fully promoting the capability of independent innovation,The stage of comprehensive governance from a big patent country to a powerfull patent country since the establishment of China’s patent system in 1984.The entire evolution process also reflects the changing process of the importance of science and technology in the socio-economic development,the focus of patent development at different stages,and the characteristics and laws of the government’s policy tools.During the overall evolution,the system of patent policy continues to expand,and reflects the characteristics of integration with the national innovation system,science and technology management system,and industrial economic system.At the same time,its functional positioning has shifted from traditional rights protection to the comprehensive functions such as stimulating innovation,promoting industrialization applications and economic system reform.