定额补贴模式能够促进农机装备制造企业创新吗——以拖拉机制造行业为例

Can the Quota Subsidy Model Promote the Innovation of Agricultural Machinery Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises:An Example of the Tractor Manufacturing Industry

农机购置补贴政策已深刻影响中国农机行业发展,本文以拖拉机制造行业为例,探讨政策的定额补贴模式对农机企业创新的影响。研究表明,定额补贴模式下的农机购置补贴对企业创新产生了两种效应。一是偏离效应,表现为补贴政策既难以降低企业创新成本,也难以带动高质量产品销售,对农机企业的创新激励不足,导致政策设计与政策目标实现的需要相偏离;二是扭曲效应,表现为补贴政策主要带动了中低端农机市场需求的增加,引致社会资源向中低端产能重复扩张,最终造成高端产能供给不足而中低端产能过剩的局面;进一步地,供给过剩加剧行业内部竞争,部分企业采取"套取补贴资金+降低产品质量"的策略开展价格竞争,冲击正常的市场竞争秩序,不仅导致企业减少创新投入,还诱发企业生产"大马拉小车"产品,造成"劣币驱逐良币"的产业困局,鼓励农机企业创新的政策目标难以实现。

Taking tractor manufacturing industry as an example,this paper discusses the impact of quota subsidy model on the innovation of agricultural machinery enterprises.This paper find that the quota subsidy model have two effects on enterprise innovation.First is the deviation effect,which is manifested by the fact that the subsidy policy can’t easily reduce the cost of enterprise innovation,and it is difficult to drive the sales of high-quality products.The lack of innovation incentives for agricultural machinery enterprises leads to deviations in policy effects and policy objectives.Second is the distortion effect,which is manifested by the fact that the policy mainly led to the increase of the market demand of middle and low-end agricultural machinery.This leads to the repeated expansion of social resources to the middle and low-end production capacity,and eventually leads to the situation of insufficient supply of high-end capacity and overcapacity of the middle and low-end.Furthermore,oversupply intensifies competition in the industry and some enterprises adopt the strategy of"appropriating subsidies and reducing product quality"to carry out price competition.This not only makes enterprises cut down on innovation investment,but also induces enterprises to produce"big horse-drawn cart"products.As a result,the phenomenon of"bad money drives out good"is formed,making it difficult to achieve the policy goal.