青海省公路边坡生态恢复养护要求研究

Study on requirements of ecological restoration and maintenance of highway slopes in Qinghai Province

按照“生态优先、绿色发展”要求,青海省公路建设应保证边坡生态恢复效果,但由于高寒、缺氧、干旱等气候特点和土壤条件,导致公路沿线生态环境脆弱、生态恢复难度大、养护要求高。本文结合多年公路边坡生态恢复经验与资料总结,系统分析了青海省公路沿线高寒草原等4种主要草地类型所对应的12种常见植物选择及其养护要求,三维网护坡、移植草皮、植被纤维毯等7种公路边坡生态恢复方法所对应的养护要求,探讨了青海省公路边坡生态恢复养护存在的问题并针对性提出青海省公路边坡生态恢复养护要求建议。结果显示:高寒草原、高寒草甸、温性草原、高寒荒漠4种主要草地类型中选取的垂穗披碱草、早熟禾、中华羊茅等12种植物养护需求各有侧重,大多植物在其幼苗期间较为脆弱,要保证水分供给与施肥,重点防止家畜践踏或采食。现有青海省公路边坡存在三维网护坡等多种生态恢复方法,养护侧重点各有不同,应重点关注边坡植物生长期间灌溉、病虫害防治、施肥与防止家畜啃食破坏,在其生长情况不均匀时适当进行补播。青海省特殊气候、土壤与地理因素导致边坡生态恢复养护要求高,同时还存在公路边坡生态恢复养护人员与资金不足、养护管理机制相对落后等问题,建议加大养护投入,加强监督和管理,加强技术研究和标准修订,从而切实提升公路边坡植被养护效果,为青海省公路边坡生态恢复持久、稳定提供保障。

According to the requirements of“ecological priority,green development”,the highway construction in Qinghai Province should ensure the ecological restoration effect of the slope,but due to the climatic characteristics such as high cold,hypoxia,drought and soil conditions,the ecological environment along the road is fragile and ecological restoration is difficult.Maintenance requirements are high.In this paper,combined with years of experience in highway slope ecological restoration and data summary,this paper systematically analyzes the selection and maintenance requirements of 12 common plants corresponding to 4 major grassland types along the alpine grasslands along the highway in Qinghai Province,3D mesh slope protection,transplanted turf,vegetation fiber Conservation requirements corresponding to seven road slope ecological restoration methods such as blankets,discuss the problems of ecological restoration and maintenance of highway slopes in Qinghai Province,and put forward suggestions on ecological restoration and maintenance requirements of highway slopes in Qinghai Province.The results show that the conservation needs of 12 kinds of plants such as Elymus pendula,Bluegrass and festuca sinensis selected from the four main grassland types of alpine grassland,alpine meadow,temperate grassland and alpine desert have their respective emphasis,and most plants are in their Seedlings are more fragile during the period of time,to ensure water supply and fertilization,and focus on preventing trampling or feeding.There are various ecological restoration methods such as three-dimensional net slope protection on the existing highway slopes in Qinghai Province,and the focus of conservation is different,and attention should be paid to irrigation,plant disease and insect pest control,fertilization,and prevention of livestock eating damage during the growth of the slope plants.Appropriate supplementary broadcasting when uneven.Qinghai Province's special climate,soil and geographical factors lead to high requirements for slope ecological restoration and maintenance.At the same time,there are problems such as insufficient personnel and funds for highway slope ecological restoration and maintenance,and relatively backward maintenance management mechanism.It is recommended to increase investment in maintenance and strengthen supervision and management.,Strengthen technical research and standard system revision,so as to effectively improve the maintenance effect of highway slope vegetation,and provide a guarantee for the sustainable and stable ecological restoration of highway slopes in Qinghai Province.