基于农户利用效率的平原和山区耕地利用形态比较

A comparative study of farmland use morphology in plain and mountainous areas based on farmers’land use efficiency

土地利用形态是土地利用转型研究的核心内容。农户土地利用决策是引起土地利用系统变化与土地利用转型的深层因素,当前学者从多个视角对耕地利用形态展开了系列的理论与实证研究,但从农户层面深入探讨耕地利用隐性形态及其形成机理的研究相对较少。为揭示农户耕地利用隐性形态的差异及其影响因素,本文以农户耕地利用效率为切入点基于平原区寿光市和山区沂源县农户调研数据,从农户家庭劳动力要素变动与农业生产决策视角对农户的耕地利用效率进行了测算,构建结构方程模型探讨了农户耕地利用效率的驱动机制。研究表明,寿光市和沂源县耕地利用效率较低,并且存在地貌类型和农户类型上的差异,平原(寿光市)耕地利用效率要高于山区(沂源县),老年农户耕地利用效率低于年轻农户。在影响路径方面,农户耕地经营规模、生产要素投入和耕地产出直接影响耕地利用效率,而种植结构对耕地利用效率的影响不显著。

Land use morphology is the core content of land use transition research.Farmers’land use decision is a deep factor that causes the change of land use system and land use transition.At present,scholars have carried out a series of theoretical and empirical studies on the morphology of farmland use from multiple perspectives,but there are few studies concerning the recessive morphology and its forming mechanism of farmland use from the perspective of farmer household.In order to reveal the differences of recessive morphology of farmers’farmland use and their influencing factors,this paper measured the farmland use efficiency from the perspectives of farmland use efficiency,labor changes and agricultural production decision-making of farmer household based on the survey data of farmer households in Shouguang and Yiyuan,and probed the driving mechanism of farmland use efficiency of farmer household by constructing a structural equation model.The results show that the farmland use efficiency of Shouguang and Yiyuan is low,and there are differences in geomorphological type and farmer type.The efficiency of farmland use in the plain area is slightly higher than that in the mountainous area,and the farmland use efficiency of elderly farmers is lower than that of young farmers.In terms of impact path,farmers’management scale and production factor input as well as farmland output can directly affect farmland use efficiency,while the planting structure has no significant influence on farmland use efficiency.