牛粪不同处理配施化肥对旱地土壤养分及玉米生物性状的影响

Effects of Different Manure Treatments and Fertilizer Application on Soil Nutrient and Maize Biological Characters in Upland

针对宁夏南部山区旱地土壤有机质提升与牛粪资源化利用的技术瓶颈,研究以青贮玉米为指示性作物,开展以常规化肥(CK)为对照,以生物腐熟牛粪配施化肥(TN1)和生牛粪配施化肥(TN2)为理的试验研究,探讨牛粪生物腐熟和生牛粪直接还田对土壤有机质、氮磷钾养分及青贮玉米根系形态特征和生物产量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,TN1处理表层0~20 cm土壤有机质增加26.8%,氮磷钾养分增幅在18.4%~230.4%之间,青贮玉米根系总根投影面积、总根表面积、根平均直径和总根体积增幅在10.6%~25.8%之间,同时青贮玉米生物产量较CK提高了37.4%;TN2处理较CK降低了玉米根系总根投影面积和总根表面积,降幅4.3%~9.0%之间,玉米生物产量与CK差异不显著。与TN2处理相比,TN1处理土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量增幅在2.5%~60.7%之间,同时也显著增加了青贮玉米根系形态特征及生物产量。由此可见,牛粪生物发酵还田显著优于生牛粪直接还田,生牛粪直接还田对玉米根系形态特征发育有抑制作用。

According to Ningxia south mountainous upland soil organic matter and cow dung resource-oriented utilization of technical bottleneck,the experiment was conducted with silage corn crop,two treatments including biological rotten cow manure with chemical fertilizer(TN1)and raw cow manure with chemical fertilizer(TN2)were set,the routine chemical fertilizer was as the control(CK),to explore the effects of biological rotten cow dung and returning raw cow dung directly on the soil organic matter and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients and biological yield of silage maize root morphological characteristics.The results showed that,compared with CK,the soil organic matter of TN1 in 0-20 cm surface layer increased by 26.8%,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients increased by 18.4%-230.4%,the total root projection area,total root surface area,average root diameter and total root volume of silage maize increased by 10.6%-25.8%,and the biological yield of silage maize increased by 37.4%;the total root projection area and total root surface area of maize roots in TN2 reduced by 4.3%-9.0%,and the biological yield of maize had no significant different with that of CK.Compared with TN2,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 2.5%-60.7%,and the root morphological characteristics and biological yield of silage maize were significantly increased.In conclusion,the return of cow dung to the field by biological fermentation is significantly better than the direct return of raw cow dung,and the direct return of raw cow dung to the field might inhibit the development of maize root morphological characteristics.