脂肪源性间充质干细胞外泌体在慢性创面治疗中作用机制的研究进展

Research advances on mechanism of exosomes derived from adipose derived stem cells in the treatment of chronic wounds

外泌体是一种直径为30~150 nm的膜性小囊泡,由细胞内多囊泡出芽形成,可与细胞膜融合释放至细胞外基质中。脂肪源性间充质干细胞(ADSC)是具有自我更新及多向分化潜能的细胞,通过旁分泌外泌体的作用转运活性物质,调控机体炎症反应,细胞的迁移、增殖、分化以及血管的生成等,从而增强创面修复能力,促进创面愈合,抑制瘢痕形成。慢性创面是指无法通过正常有序而及时的修复过程达到解剖和功能上的完整状态,病程超过4周的创面。当前针对慢性创面的治疗方法多种多样,其中ADSC具有良好的应用前景,但因伦理问题,存在一定的局限性,而外泌体可避开这个问题。本文就ADSC外泌体治疗慢性创面进行综述。

Exosomes are a kind of membrane vesicle with a diameter of 30-150 nm.It is formed by the budding of multiple vesicles in cells,which can fuse with the cell membrane and be released into the extracellular matrix.Adipose derived stem cells(ADSCs)have the potential of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation.They can transport the active substance,regulate the inflammatory response,cell migration,proliferation,differentiation and angiogenesis via the action of paracrine exosomes,so as to enhance the ability of wound repair,promote wound healing,and inhibit the formation of scars.Chronic wounds refer to the wounds that can not reach the anatomic and functional integrity through the normal,orderly,and timely repair process,and the course of the wound healing is more than 4 weeks.At present,there are various treatment methods for chronic wounds,among which ADSCs,although showing a good application prospect,have some limitations due to ethical issues,while exosomes can avoid this problem.This article reviews the treatment of chronic wounds with ADSC exosomes.