外泌体膜蛋白功能研究进展

Research Progress on Function of Exosomal Membrane Proteins

外泌体是细胞分泌的直径为30-150 nm的脂质双层膜囊泡,其含有蛋白质、脂质和核酸。外泌体是细胞间进行信息交流的重要载体,可通过传递各种蛋白质、生物活性脂质和遗传信息来改变受体细胞的表型和功能,与癌症、感染性疾病和神经退行性疾病等的发生和发展密切相关。直接靶向外泌体以抑制其在介导疾病中的作用,或开发外泌体作为载体运送生物大分子和天然药物分子进入细胞,有望成为疾病新的治疗策略。外泌体生物功能的发挥取决于受体细胞识别、结合并内化外泌体,而这一过程依赖于外泌体膜蛋白的种类和功能。本文聚焦于外泌体的膜蛋白,对这些膜蛋白进行分类并阐述其功能。

Exosomes are a class of cell-derived lipid bilayer vesicles(30-150 nm in diameter) that contain diverse proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Exosomes are important conveyers of information between cells, through the transmission of various proteins, bioactive lipids and genetic information to alter the phenotype and function of recipient cells. In addition, exosomes are closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Targeting exosomes directly to inhibit their deleterious effects in mediating disease or exploiting their inherent potential to stimulate regenerative responses or developing exosomes as carriers to deliver biomacromolecules and natural drug molecules into cells are emerging as important novel therapeutic strategies. The function of exosomes depends on the recognition, binding and uptake of exosomes by recipient cells, while the progress depends on the type and effective function of exosomal membrane proteins. Exosomal membrane proteins and their function are classified and elucidated in this paper.