四种大宗常用中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素污染状况分布比较研究

Comparative Study on the Distribution of Aflatoxins Contamination Status in four Commonly used Chinese Herbal Pieces

目的测定不同来源的4种大宗常用中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素(AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和AFG2)的含量,比较不同基质中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素的分布状况。方法基于免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱分离-荧光检测器(IAC-HPLC-FLD)方法,分析不同产地共75批中药样品。结果柏子仁、薏苡仁、决明子及党参共计75批中药饮片中,阳性检出:26批柏子仁(AFs 1.22-46.67μg·kg^(-1),AFB11.22-31.40μg·kg^(-1))、4批薏苡仁(AFs 1.97-41.13μg·kg^(-1),AFB11.97-36.40μg·kg^(-1))、1批决明子(AFs 13.65μg·kg^(-1),AFB112.60μg·kg^(-1)),阳性率41%,超标率15%。阳性样品经LC-MS/MS确证,排除假阳性。4种大宗常用中药饮片柏子仁、薏苡仁、决明子、党参中黄曲霉毒素的污染水平依次降低,阳性检出率分别为77%、29%、7%、0%,表明中药材中黄曲霉毒素的污染状况与药材基质密切相关。结论针对易污染AFs的中药品种,需进一步加强其污染状况的全面检测分析,为黄曲霉毒素的有效防控以及完善中药的质量标准提供科学依据,从而保障中药用药安全。

Objective Aflatoxins(AFs) residues(AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) determination was carried out and distribution status was compared of in four kinds of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs).Methods A total of 75 batches of TCMs were analyzed by the established method of immunoaffinity column purification-high performance liquid chromatographyfluorescence detector(IAC-HPLC-FLD). Results Among the 75 tested samples, AFs were detected in 26 batches of platycladi seeds(AFs 1.22-46.67 μg·kg^(-1), AFB11.22-31.4 μg·kg^(-1)), four batches of Coix seed(AFs 1.97-41.13 μg·kg^(-1), AFB11.97-36.4 μg·kg^(-1)), and one batch of Cassia(AFs 13.65 μg·kg^(-1), AFB112.6 μg·kg^(-1)), with the positive detection rate of 41% and the over-standard rate of 15%. The positive sample was confirmed by LC-MS/MS. The results showed that the contamination level of aflatoxins in Platycladi seeds, Coix seed, Cassia and Codonopsis pilosula decreased in order. The positive detection rate was 77%, 29%, 7% and 0%, respectively, indicating the contamination status of aflatoxins is closely related with the herbal matrix. Conclusion Aiming at the varieties of herbal medicines that are prone to contaminating AFs, it is necessary to further comprehensively evaluate the correlation analysis of relevant factors in the pollution pathway to achieve effective prevention and control of aflatoxins.