呼和浩特市人居环境脆弱性演变及机制

Change in Vulnerability of Human Settlement Environment and Its Mechanism in Hohhot

以呼和浩特市辖区为研究区,从"暴露—敏感—应对能力"构建人居环境脆弱性评价体系,分析人居环境脆弱性的时空演变特征,基于地理空间分析法度量其空间分异,运用地理探测器探讨自然、人为因素与人居环境脆弱性的空间分异关联程度,解析人居环境脆弱性演变的驱动机制。结果表明:人居环境脆弱性等级先升高后降低,中心城区脆弱等级高;暴露度高值扩展方向与城市用地扩展方向基本一致;敏感性等级呈圈层扩散,低敏感两横一纵结构被瓦解;应对能力脆弱性演变呈两极化趋势,低值取代高值以面状迅速扩散。人居环境脆弱性空间分布呈高水平的空间正相关关系,集聚效应显著。政府调控、居民收支、自然灾害、城市化发展是人居环境脆弱性演变的关键因素,人类干扰对人居环境的阻抑与改善作用并存,对自然灾害的防控成为首要任务,促使城市发展对人居环境脆弱性的正面效应向负面效应转化成为关键。

Taking Hohhot city as the study area and based on"exposure-sensitivity-response"model,this article constructs the evaluation index system to analyze the spatial-temporal change in vulnerability of human settlement environment and calculates the differentiation of vulnerability by means of Geo-spatial method.Applying the geographic detector,it explores the spatial correlation between natural factors,human factors and the vulnerability respectively,which aims at analyzing the driving mechanism of vulnerability of human settlement environment.The results show that the vulnerability increases first and then decreases it is high in the city center.From the perspective of subsystems,the high value of exposure is basically consistent with urban expansion.The sensitivity shows the circle diffusion,and"two transversals and one longitude"structure of the low value is disintegrated.The vulnerability of response capacity has obvious polarization trend,and the high value is replaced by the low value gradually in slice shape.The spatial distribution of vulnerability shows a high level of positive correlation.Government regulation,residents’income and expenditure,natural disasters and urbanization are the key driving factors for the change.However,human activities play both a positive and a negative role in it,and the prevention and control of natural disasters has become the primary task.It’s vital to transform the positive effect of urbanization to the negative effect for the vulnerability of human settlement environment.