多维贫困视角下县域旅游扶贫效率时空演化及影响机理——以云南25个边境县(市)为例

The Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Impact Mechanism of County Tourism Poverty Alleviation Efficiency from the Perspective of Multidimensional Poverty:A Case Study of 25 Border Counties(Cities)in Yunnan Province

旅游扶贫是边境地区扶贫减贫的重要途径与驱动力量。基于多维贫困理论,结合联合国MPI指标体系构建了表征经济、教育、健康和生活四个维度,衡量个人行为能力和区域可持续发展能力的旅游扶贫效率测度指标体系,并以云南省边境25个县(市)为研究案例地,采用Bootstrap-DEA模型对其2006—2016年旅游扶贫效率进行测度,并运用ArcGIS空间趋势模块和Tobit模型分别对其时空演化特征和影响机理进行探究。研究表明:①时间序列上,碎化指数表明边境县(市)旅游扶贫效率在地理空间上经历了"离散—集聚"的发展历程,变异系数表征其具有显著的空间差异性特征。②空间差异上,旅游扶贫效率呈现出"滇东南边境段>滇西南边境段>滇西边境段"的格局特征,且具有一定的延续性和空间惯性特征;空间变化趋势整体上表现出"东高西低,南北两翼低、中间高"的格局态势。③经济基础、产业结构高级化、交通通达性、市场需求规模和政府干预是云南边境地区旅游扶贫效率提升的主要驱动因素,信息化对旅游扶贫效率具有负向影响,各影响因子在不同边境段存在着影响强度和作用路径的差异。

Tourism poverty alleviation is an important way and driving force for poverty alleviation in border areas.Based on the multi-dimensional poverty theory and the United Nations MPI indicator system,a tourism poverty alleviation efficiency measurement indicator system that characterizes the four dimensions of economy,education,health,and life,measures individual behavioral capacity and regional sustainable development capacity is established.And take25 counties(cities)on the border of Yunnan Province as the case study area.The Bootstrap-DEA model is used to measure its tourism poverty alleviation efficiency from 2006 to 2016,and its spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and influence mechanism are explored using the ArcGIS spatial trend module and the Tobit model.The research shows that:1)In the time series,the fragmentation index indicates that the poverty reduction efficiency of tourism in border counties(cities)has undergone the development process of"discrete-aggregation"in geographical space,and the coefficient of variation indicates that it has significant spatial differences.2)In terms of spatial differences,the poverty alleviation efficiency of tourism presents a pattern characteristic of"Southeast Yunnan Border Section>Southwestern Yunnan Border Section>Western Yunnan Border Section",and has certain continuity and space inertia characteristics;The overall trend shows the pattern of"high in the east and low in the west,high in the south and low in the north".3)Economic foundation,advanced industrial structure,transportation accessibility,market demand scale and government intervention are the main driving factors for the improvement of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency in the border areas of Yunnan.Informationization has a negative impact on the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation.There are differences in the impact strength and action path of the border section.