西汉宣元政革影响下的文学分野——以匡衡、刘向奏疏文为中心

Aesthetic Distinction of Articles under the Influence of Political Innovationsin the Western Han——Kuang Heng and Liu Xiang’s Articles Taken as the Center of Discussion

伴随着大汉帝国的政治路线从武、宣盛世之尚"制宜",逐渐转向元、成时代之重"务本",西汉中后期散文也相应呈现出说"理"与论"势"的分野,匡衡与刘向的文章可以代表这两种不同的文章美学。体现元成新貌的匡衡散文以抽象的经学义理为根基,其细腻的笔法深具一种近乎道学气的"渊静"风神;而承袭武宣遗风的刘向散文则以历史经验为基础,通过对时势的把握归纳鲜活的事理,呈现出沉郁高古的"苍茫"气象。

Due to the influence of political innovations during the reigns of Emperor Xuan and Emperor Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty,there was a distinction between serious discussions of Li(i.e.inexorable laws of the development of things)and Shi(i.e.the development tendency of things)in the middle and late stages of the Western Han Dynasty,and these two aesthetics were adequately demonstrated in the articles written by orthodox Confucian scholar Kuang Heng and expert Confucian scholar Liu Xiang.As the advocacy of"adjusting measures to different conditions"in the flourishing ages of Emperor Wu and Emperor Xuan of the Han Empire was gradually replaced by the emphasis on"dedication to basic principles"under the reigns of Emperor Yuan and Emperor Cheng,disagreements and confrontations between the two groups of orthodox Confucian scholars and expert Confucian scholars were often seen,bothpolitically and academically,and their differences were reflected in the structures and aesthetic characteristics of their respective articles.As a representative of new looks during the reigns of Emperor Yuan and Emperor Cheng,Kuang Heng’s prose was based on abstract argumentation that was exquisite and accordant with Confucian classics with nothing short of a sense of moralistic tranquility.In comparison,being very much reminiscent of Emperor Xuan and Emperor Wu and based on historical experience,Liu Xiang’s prose takes on a vast,profound and powerful look by grasping the current situation to make sense of things.