非充气轮胎的结构设计与力学性能

Structural Design and Mechanical Properties of Non-pneumatic Tire

阐述充气轮胎具有在粗糙路面滚动时能量损失低以及垂直刚度和接地压力较小、承载效率较高的优势以及不抗刺扎、易爆胎、运转不平稳的不足。介绍两款典型的非充气轮胎——辐条式非充气轮胎和蜂巢式非充气轮胎的结构和力学性能。与传统充气轮胎相比,非充气轮胎不仅垂向刚度和接地压力解耦,垂向刚度、侧向刚度、扭转刚度也不再是强耦合关系,这极大地拓展了轮胎的设计空间,仅通过调整剪切带及轮辐的结构和几何参数就可以有效地优化轮胎的性能,但非充气轮胎也存在很多问题,使其仍处于设计研发阶段。今后非充气轮胎的市场需求将不断扩大,其结构和力学性能将不断改进,使非充气轮胎成为轮胎领域的一大品种。

The advantages of pneumatic tires,such as lower energy loss when rolling on rough pavement,smaller vertical stiffness,smaller contact pressure and high load efficiency,as well as the disadvantages of low non-puncture resistance,low burst resistance and unstable operation are described.The structure and mechanical properties of two typical non-pneumatic tires,namely,spoke-type non-pneumatic tires and honeycomb-type non-pneumatic tires are introduced.Compared with traditional pneumatic tires,not only the vertical stiffness and contact pressure of non-pneumatic tires can be decoupled,but also the vertical stiffness,lateral stiffness and torsional stiffness are no longer strongly coupled,which greatly expands the design space of tires.The performance of non-pneumatic tires can be effectively optimized only by adjusting the structure and geometric parameters of the shear band and spokes.However,non-pneumatic tires also have many problems,making them still in the design and development stage.In the future,the market demand of non-pneumatic tires will continue to expand,and its structure and mechanical properties will continue to improve,making non-pneumatic tires a major category in the tire field.