贵州纳雍话的“横xuan^(21)”

The“heng[xuan^(21)]”of Nayong dialect

“横”字在贵州纳雍话里读xuan^(21),意思与“竖、直、纵”相对。纳雍话的“横xuan^(21)”是东鍾韵扩大和鼻韵尾ŋ脱落这两种音变竞争的遗留,“横xuan^(21)”没有归入东鍾韵,赶上了鼻韵尾ŋ脱落的潮流。纳雍话鼻音韵尾ŋ脱落开始的时间可能与梗摄部分字、曾摄部分字归并入东鍾韵的时间同时。纳雍话鼻韵尾ŋ的脱落受到彝语影响的可能性较大,今天纳雍阳长、百兴一带乡镇把aŋ读成an或ã。纳雍话鼻韵尾ŋ的脱落不只发生在iŋ和əŋ中,还发生在aŋ中,这给西南官话鼻韵尾ŋ在aŋ中的脱落提供了某种可能。

Heng in the dialect of Nayong country Guizhou province reads xuan^(21),and its meaning is opposite to“shu、zhi、zong”.Heng xuan^(21)of Nayong dialect are remains about competition of two mutations:the enlargement of dōng and zhōng rhyme,the losing of nasal endingŋ,because Heng xuan^(21)did not belong to dōng and zhōng rhyme,and it caught up with the trend of losing of nasal endingŋ.The beginning time of losing of nasal endingŋmay be at the same time when some words of gèng rhyme group and zēng rhyme group are incorporated in dōng and zhōng rhyme group.The loss of the nasal endingŋin Nayong dialect is most likely influenced by Yi language.Today,aŋin the towns of Yangchang and Baixing in Nayong is read as an orã.The losing of nasal endingŋin Nayong dialect not only occurs in the final iŋandəŋ,but also occurs in the final aŋ,which provides a certain possibility for losing of the nasal endingŋin the aŋof Southwest Mandarin.