论中国古代书论中的书如其人——以黄道周、倪元璐和王铎的艺术与人生为例

“The Style Is the Man”in ancient Chinese calligraphy theory——A case study of the art and life of Huang Daozhou,Ni Yuanlu and Wang Duo

艺如其人是书法、绘画与文学都普遍存在的理论与现实问题。艺如其人的问题在今天这个物欲横流的时代更为突出。解读黄道周、王铎、倪元璐三位中国书法史上无论是艺术还是人生都富有典型性的个案对我们思考这个问题无疑有很多重要的启迪:他们三人都创造了世人瞩目的艺术,但他们的人生在历史的转折点上却分道扬镳,书写了截然相反的篇章,三个文化巨人都成了历史的祭品,这在中国古代改朝换代时期是常态,我们不能简单地用性格即命运来解释。虽然每人会根据自己的立场与价值做出自己的解读,但深入思考贯穿于他们艺术与人生的基本精神与原则是矛盾的还是统一的,对我们反思今日艺术的发展无疑具有醍醐灌顶的作用。

The assumption that“the style is the man”is not merely the universally-acknowledged theoretical and practical problem in the academic circles of calligraphy,painting and literature,but also a prominent issue in this era with flashy and material desires.A precise interpretation of the three historically renowned calligraphers with distinctive styles,both in art and in life,will definitely provide us with much enlightenment for the consideration of the relevant issues.Historically,the three cultural giants all created world-famous masterpieces,yet their lives diverged in the periods of historical transition,thus writing disparately artistic and life chapters,and ultimately becoming the sacrifices of history.This was the normality state in the periods of dynasty change in ancient China,therefore a simple interpretation with the assumption of“Personality decides fate”is inadequate and improper.Although everyone is entitled to make his/her own interpretation in accordance with the individual perspectives and values,an insight into whether their basic spirits and principles running through their art and life are conflicting or integrated will undoubtedly be illuminating to reflect on the development of today’s art.