“十四五”环境影响评价与排污许可改革形势分析和展望

Analysis and Prospect of Environmental Impact Assessment and Pollutant Permit Reforms during the 14th Five-Year Period

梳理分析了"十三五"时期政策环评、战略环评、区域环评、规划环评、项目环评及排污许可改革的进展和成效,从强化法律地位、丰富制度内涵、理顺机制体制方面研析了"十四五"时期环评与排污许可改革面临的机遇和需求,从思想认识、体系衔接、能力保障方面分析了两项制度的现状以及与"十四五"规划需求方面存在的不适应性,提出了"十四五"时期两项制度改革的总体思路,即建立"三线一单"生态环境分区管控体系、强化规划环评落地、深化环评"放管服"改革、构建以排污许可制为核心的固定污染源监管体系以及推进信息化和智能化建设,推动实现区域环评—规划环评—项目环评—排污许可—监督执法—督察问责"六位一体"的全过程环境管理体系。

The reforms′progress and effectiveness of policy EIA,strategic EIA,regional EIA,planning EIA,project EIA and pollutant permit system during the 13th Five-Year period were analyzed.The opportunities and needs of EIA and pollutant permit system reforms were researched and analyzed in the 14th Five-Year period from the aspects of strengthening legal status,enriching institutional connotation and straightening out mechanism and system,and the inadaptability between the current situation of the two systems and the demand in the14 th Five-Year Plan was analyzed from the ideological understanding,system cohesion and ability guarantee.The general ideas of the two institutional reforms during the 14 th Five-Year period were put forward,which were to establish the"Three Lines One Permit"ecological environment zoning management and control system,strengthen the implementation of planning EIA,deepen the reform of government functions of EIA,build a fixed pollution source supervision system with pollutant permit system as the core,and promote information and intelligent construction.All of these were to promote the realization of the"integration of six aspect"environmental management systems which include regional EIA,planning EIA,project EIA,pollutant permit,supervision of law enforcement,as well as supervision and accountability.