“十四五”时期我国环境影响评价体系优化探讨

Research on the Optimization of China′s Environmental Impact Assessment System during the 14th Five-Year Period

环境影响评价(以下简称"环评")是预防环境污染的重要制度,在推进生态环境质量改善过程中发挥了重要作用。随着生态文明建设和环境治理能力现代化建设的持续推进,现有环评体系在顶层设计、技术体系和管理制度等方面的不足日益突出。基于我国现行法律法规和工作实践,梳理了政策环评、区域战略环评、"三线一单"、规划环评及项目环评的特点及衔接方式,分析了我国环评体系优化的关键问题和挑战,并提出"十四五"时期应完善环评体系顶层设计、理顺环评体系的技术链接、发挥"三线一单"成果串联作用、推动环评管理制度改革等建议,以期为推动环评体系优化、不断健全以环评制度为主体的生态环境源头预防体系提供相关支撑。

Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)plays a significant role in preventing environmental pollution and improving the quality of ecological environment.As the construction of ecological civilization and modernization of environmental governance have been continuously promoted,the top-level design,institutional and technical problems in current EIA system are increasingly concerned.Based on existing legal system and working practices,the characteristics of policy EIA,regional strategic EIA,"Three Lines One Permit"(TLOP),planning EIA and project EIA and their mutual linkage are summarized in this paper.In addition,we analyzed the key issues and challenges in the optimization of EIA system and proposed suggestions for improving the top-level design of EIA system,technology interconnection of EIA system,strengthening the role of TLOP in linking different EIA practices,and promoting reform of EIA management system during the 14th Five-Year Period,hoping this could be helpful for the optimization of China′s EIA system and the environmental management system.