法律如何面对弱者

How does the Law Deal with the Weak

党的十九大报告将"弱有所扶"作为一战略目标,为此需要在法律上落实扶助弱者的制度与措施。法律固然不是抹平强弱的工具,但法律必须担当起扶助弱者的责任。人类"恃强凌弱"的本性、社会良性生存所需的公平正义、权利实现上的"可行能力"不同以及个体难以应对客观存在的风险,都决定了法律面对弱者不能袖手旁观。当然,社会上的弱者并不能简单地等同于法律上的弱者,法律上的弱者具有成因的外部性、劣势的绝对性和无法自我补足性等显著特征,从而成为法律必须要对之加以援手的弱者。在法律救助的制度安排上,必须强调以法治理念形塑弱者保护的制度构造,把弱者保护与尊重个人自主原则相协调,同时实现国家义务与社会责任的合理分担。

The report of the 19 th CPC National Congress regards"helping the weak with some assistance"as a strategic goal.Therefore,it is necessary to implement legal systems and measures to help the weak.The law is certainly not a tool to smooth out the strong and the weak,but the law must assume the responsibility of helping the weak.The human nature of bullying the weak,the fairness and justice required for a healthy social survival,the different"feasible abilities"in the realization of rights,and the difficulty of individuals to cope with objective risks,all determine that the law cannot stand idly by when facing the weak.Of course,the weak in society cannot simply be equated with the weak in law.The weak in law has obvious characteristics such as externalities of causes,absolute disadvantages and inability to self-sufficiency,which makes it necessary for the law to help.In the institutional arrangement of legal assistance,it is necessary to emphasize the establishment of a legal system for the protection of the weak with the concept of the rule of law,harmonizing the protection of the weak with the principle of respect for individual autonomy,and at the same time realizing the reasonable sharing of state obligations and social responsibilities.