《民法典》对抵押权制度的修改和完善

The Modification and Perfection of Mortgage Right System in Civil Code

《民法典》扩大了抵押权适用范围,统一了担保登记制度和机构,将社会生活中约定的具有担保功能的非典型担保,实质性地纳入担保物权的调整范围;扩大了正常经营中买受人规则的适用范围,修正了抵押权的物权效力范围,确定了抵押财产自由转让规则;新增了价款债权抵押权制度,赋予其优先于其他约定担保物权的效力,拓宽了融资途径;统一了担保物权体系的顺位规则,确立了以公示时间先后作为清偿顺序的一般准则。《民法典》通过对抵押权制度的修改和完善,为民事主体日常经营和融资提供了便利的工具,也为司法实践中存在的疑难问题提供了解决方案,从而实现物尽其用的法律理念。

Civil Code expanded the scope of mortgage application,unified the guarantee registration system and institutions,and substantively brought the non-typical guarantee with guarantee function agreed in social life into the adjustment scope of security real right;it expands the scope of application of the buyer rule in normal operation,revises the scope of real right effect of mortgage,and determines the free transfer rule of mortgaged property;the system of mortgage of creditor's right of value added is added,which gives it priority over other agreed real right of security and broadens the financing channels;it unifies the sequence rule of security right system and establishes the general criterion of the order of repayment by the time of publication.Through the modification and improvement of the mortgage system,the Civil Code provides convenient tools for the daily operation and financing of civil subjects,and also provides solutions to the difficult problems existing in judicial practice,so as to realize the legal concept of making the best use of everything.