铌微合金化技术在中高碳钢中的应用现状与发展

Application and Development of Niobium Microalloying Technology in Medium and High Carbon Steel

铌微合金化技术在中国发展已逾40年,其基础研究和工业应用一直集中在以板材为主的低碳钢领域。以长材为主的中高碳钢具有碳含量高、工艺流程长且复杂、基础强度高、性能要求特殊且多样等特点,使得铌在低碳钢中的一些突出作用在其中难以有效发挥。一方面,中高碳钢的碳含量对铌的固溶能力存在影响,但是国内外研究结果差别较大,且一些结论与传统认识和大多数实验研究结果也不一致。因此,目前对于铌在中高碳钢中的固溶能力存在较大争议,仍然需要更多的实证研究加以分析。这导致在中高碳钢中添加多少铌才经济有效存在争议。另一方面,在中高碳钢中,铌的存在状态特别是对纳米级的析出相的表征一直存在困难。不均匀分布的大尺寸含铌第二相粒子产生的不利影响及其如何消除有待深入研究。本文概述了铌微合金化技术的国内外研究现状与发展趋势,以及中高碳钢的自身特点。从铌的固溶能力,主要作用与在非调质钢、弹簧钢、硬线和轴承钢中的应用情况,以及存在的主要问题三个方面,综述了铌微合金化技术在中高碳钢中面临的机遇与挑战。明确指出,必须摒弃传统思路,研究铌在中高碳钢中的共性科学问题,特别是采用新技术多尺度表征铌的状态,从而推动铌微合金化技术在中高碳钢中的应用。

Niobium microalloying technology has been developed in China for more than 40 years,and its basic research and industrial application have been focused on the field of plate-based low-carbon steel.The medium and high carbon steel based on long material has the characteristics of high carbon content,long and complex process,high foundation strength,special and diverse performance requirements,etc.It is difficult for niobium to play an important role in the medium and high carbon steel.On the one hand,the carbon content of medium and high carbon steel has an effect on the solution ability of niobium,but the research results at home and abroad are quite different,and some conclusions are not consistent with the traditional understanding and most of the experimental results.Therefore,there is a controversy about the solution ability of niobium in medium and high carbon steel,and more empirical research is still needed to analyze.This leads to a dispute about how much niobium is economically effective in medium and high carbon steels.On the other hand,the existence of niobium in medium and high carbon steel,especially the characterization of nano precipitates,has been difficult.How to eliminate the adverse effects caused by the large-scale niobium containing second phase particles with inhomogeneous distribution remains to be further studied.The research status and development trend of microalloying technology at China and the other part of the word,as well as the characteristics of medium and high carbon steel are summarized.The opportunity and challenge of niobium microalloying technology in medium and high carbon steel are reviewed.It mainly includes the solution ability of niobium,the main effects and application in direct-cooled forging steel,spring steel,hard wire and bearing steel,and the main problems.It is clearly pointed out that the traditional thinking must abandon,strengthen the basic research,and study the common and individual problems of niobium in medium and high carbon steel.In particular,new technologies are used to characterize the state of niobium at multiple scales.So as to promote the application of niobium microalloying technology in medium and high carbon steel.