有机-无机复合改性速生木材研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospect of Organic-Inorganic Compound Modified Fast-growing Wood

木材作为一种天然可再生资源被广泛应用于各个领域。近年来,随着我国对木材需求的日益增长和天然林资源的匮乏,速生木材作为硬质木材的替代品越来越受到人们的关注。但速生木材存在密度低、材质疏松、力学性能欠佳等不足,难以用于制造高附加值产品,因此需要对其进行改性增强处理。速生木材具有大量的孔隙和活性官能团,通过浸渍改性不仅可提高其密度和力学强度,还能赋予速生木材新的功能,进而提升其使用价值。传统的浸渍改性按照浸渍液的不同主要分为有机和无机两种方式,但均存在一些不足。有机改性液浸渍中所使用的有机树脂虽能与木材的活性官能团发生交联而形成紧密的结构,但是大多有机树脂含有游离甲醛等易挥发的有毒物质,会对环境和人体健康造成危害。而无机改性剂虽无毒环保,但大多难以在木材中形成稳定的结构,易发生流失与吸湿等现象,影响使用功能。有机-无机复合改性是一种新型的材料复合技术,它能将有机材料与无机材料的优点结合起来,在减少有机树脂用量的同时充分利用其包覆作用(或键结合)来固定无机改性剂以减少流失,并且有机树脂能与木材形成稳定的键结合。因此,在有机-无机材料的协同作用下,改性木材的性能得以大幅度提升,实用价值和应用领域得到进一步扩展。本文以有机-无机复合改性速生木材的研究现状为主题,以硅系、硼系、铜、钙及蒙脱土等无机组分为主线,对其研究进展进行详细描述,并对改性机理进行归纳总结。同时,从基础理论、制备工艺、基本性能以及经济成本等方面提出了有机-无机复合改性木材的发展趋势,旨在推动有机-无机复合改性方法能在速生木材的改性中得到更广泛的应用。

Wood as a natural renewable resource is widely used in various fields.In recent years,with the increasing demand for wood and the shortage of natural forest resources,fast-growing wood as a substitute for hard wood has attracted more and more attention.However,due to its shortcomings such as low density,loose texture and poor mechanical properties,which is difficult to be used in high value-added products,so it needs to be modified and reinforce to increase the basic performance.Based on the large number of pores and active functional groups of fast-growing wood,the impregnation modification can not only improve the density and mechanical strength,but also add the new functions,so as to enhance the use value.According to the difference of impregnating liquid,traditional impregnation can be divided into organic and inorganic methods,but both of them have some shortcomings.The organic resin used in organic modified liquid impregnation can occur a cross-linking with the active functional groups of wood to form a compact structure,but most of the organic resin contains volatile toxic substances such as free formaldehyde,which will cause harm to the environment and human health.Although inorganic modifier is non-toxic and environment-friendly,most of them are difficult to form a stable structure in the wood,easy to occur the phenomenon of loss and moisture absorption,which affects the use function.Organic-inorganic composite modification is a new material composite technology,which combines the advantages of organic and inorganic materials.While reducing the amount of organic resin,the covering action(or bonding)of the organic resin was used to fix the inorganic modifier to reduce the loss.In addition,the organic resin can form a stable bond with the wood.Therefore,under the synergetic effects of organic and inorganic materials,the properties of the modified wood can be greatly improved,and the practical value and application fields can be expanded.In this paper,the research status of organic-inorganic compound modification fast-growing wood is taken as the theme,and the inorganic components such as silicon,boron,copper,calcium and montmorillonite are used as the main line,the research progress is described in detail,and the modification mechanism is also summarized.Meanwhile,the development trend is put forward from the aspects of basic theories,preparation technologies,basic properties and economic costs,and the aim is to promote the application of organic-inorganic compound ways in the modification of fast-growing wood.