艾滋病患者感知歧视度及其与抑郁、社会支持和应对方式的相关性

Perceived discrimination of AIDS patients and its correlations with depression,social support and coping styles

目的探讨艾滋病患者感知歧视度现状,分析其与抑郁、社会支持和应对方式的的相关性。方法采用便利抽样法选取2019年1月—2020年3月于本院就诊的160例艾滋病患者,并采用一般资料调查表、感知歧视度量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、医疗社会支持量表、简易应对方式问卷调查并分析AIDS患者感知歧视度的影响因素。结果160例AIDS患者感知歧视总分为(86.67±16.02)分。160例患者中有102例(63.75%)存在不同程度的抑郁症状,平均(36.08±4.51)分。Pearson相关性显示艾滋病患者感知歧视度与抑郁程度、消极应对呈正相关(P<0.01),与积极应对、社会支持呈负相关(P<0.01)。年龄、文化程度、性别、社会支持、心理弹性、自我感知症状、经济状况、就业状况、是否朋友知晓是AIDS患者感知歧视的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论AIDS患者感知歧视度处于中等偏低水平,护理人员应加强健康教育,保护患者隐私,重点关注年龄较高、教育程度低、自我感知症状差、经济状况差、就业状况差的AIDS患者。

Objective To study perceived discrimination of AIDS patients and explore its correlations with depression,social support,coping styles.Methods The simple random sampling method was used to select 160 AIDS patients who visited our hospital for medical consultations from January 2019 to March 2020.A demographic questionnaire,perceived discrimination scale,Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),medical social support scale(MOS-SSS)and simple coping style questionnaire(SCSQ)were employed to assess the depression status,social support and coping styles of the patients,and Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlations of the perceived discrimination with depression,social support and coping styles.Results The total score of the average perceived discrimination scale among the 160 AIDS patients was(86.67±16.02).Of the 160 patients,102(63.75%)had depressive symptoms of different degrees,with the HAMD average score of(36.08±4.51).Pearson correlation analysis showed perceived discrimination was positively correlated with depression degree and negative coping styles(P<0.01),but negatively with positive coping styles and social support(P<0.01).The multivariate analysis showed that the influencing factors included age,education,gender,social support,psychological resilience,self-perceived symptoms,economic status,employment status,and friend's knowledge about their disease.Conclusions The perceived discrimination of AIDS patients is at a low level.Our nursing staff should strengthen health education and protect their privacy,especially for those patients who are aged,with lower education,worse self-perceived symptoms,poor economic status,and at unemployment.