护理本科生参与养老机构志愿服务阻碍因素的质性研究

Obstacles in nursing undergraduate's participation in voluntary service in geriatric nursing homes

目的探讨影响医学院校本科护生参与养老机构志愿服务的阻碍因素,以期为制定相应的干预策略提供研究支持。方法2019年5月—6月,采用目的抽样法,选取19名长期参与养老机构志愿服务的某医学院校本科护生作为研究对象,运用现象学研究法对其进行半结构式访谈,并采用Colaizzi分析法指导资料的分析。结果提炼出本科护生参与养老机构志愿服务阻碍因素的3个主题(含8个次主题):沟通交流障碍(语言沟通障碍、老年人负性情绪严重拒绝沟通、年龄代沟);志愿服务与护理学专业关联性低(志愿服务形式单一、实施中医护理存在困难);志愿团队欠缺组织和管理(志愿者流动性大、志愿服务时间安排欠缺合理、学校与养老机构缺乏有效沟通)。结论学校应注重培养护生志愿者的人文关怀和沟通技巧,并加强对其专业知识和技能的系统培训,提升护生志愿者的整体素质;基于老年人需求的基础上,尽量拓宽志愿服务内容和项目,同时建议相关部门构建志愿者服务保障机制,促进护理专业服务项目开展;学校应与养老机构进行联合管理,加强互动和信息共享,完善志愿者监督和激励机制,促进志愿服务的常态化和持续性。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of nursing undergraduate's participation in voluntary service in geriatric nursing homes so as to provide research support for the formulation of corresponding intervention strategies.Methods From May to June 2019,19 nursing undergraduates from a medical college who had participated in voluntary service in some geriatric nursing homes for a long time were enrolled in the study by objective sampling method.Semi-structured interview was conducted with phenomenological research method,and Colaizzi analysis method was used for the data analysis.Results Three themes and eight sub-themes of the obstacles in their voluntary service in the nursing homes were extracted:e.g.communication barriers with 3 sub-themes of language communication barriers,refusal to communicate for their serious negative emotions;age gap,less association of voluntary service with nursing care with 2 sub-themes of single form of voluntary service and difficulties in the implementation of traditional Chinese medicine nursing,and poor organization and management of the volunteering teams with 3 sub-themes of high mobility of volunteers,poorly-planned schedule of volunteer service and ineffective communication between the school and the nursing homes.Conclusions The school should pay attention to the cultivation of humanistic care and communication skills of nursing volunteers and strengthen the systematic training of their professional knowledge and skills,so as to improve the overall quality of nursing student volunteers.The volunteer service team should try to broaden the content and project of volunteer service based on the needs of the elderly.At the same time,it is suggested that local governments should build a volunteer service guarantee mechanism to promote professional nursing service and the school should carry out joint management with nursing homes,strengthen interaction and information sharing,improve volunteer supervision and incentive mechanism,and promote normalized and sustainable volunteering service.