基于现场测试的道路压电俘能系统电学性能

Electrical Performance of Road Piezoelectric Energy-harvesting System Based on Field Test

为全面测评道路压电俘能系统在开放交通条件下的电学性能,采用16个自主研制的15cm×15 cm×3 cm压电俘能装置并联,设计俘能模块布设点位,铺筑道路压电俘能系统现场测试段,基于随机开放交通条件下道路压电俘能系统开路电压波形信号响应特征,系统研究了现场不同荷载、不同车速工况下道路压电俘能系统电学输出规律,并基于不同负载与电学性能关系,确定了道路压电俘能系统能量采集最佳匹配阻值,最后基于随机、开放的交通条件明确了道路压电俘能系统能量采集存储性能。结果表明:开放交通条件下,小汽车和中型车辆荷载完全碾压道路压电俘能系统输出开路电压分别为15.0~29.6 V和50.0~79.2 V,车辆荷载对道路压电俘能系统电学性能影响显著,且车辆前后轴同时碾压、扩大轮迹横向分布的布设方式利于其电学输出;单车次碾压速率对电学输出性能影响甚微,30~40 km·h-1至50~60 km·h-1速率区间平均输出开路电压仅提升了1.47%;匹配负载阻值后,其输出功率和输出电流总体随负载阻值增大先明显增大后逐渐减少,基于此确定道路压电俘能系统能量采集时的最佳匹配阻值为2 kΩ,对应输出功率达23.12m W,输出电流达3.3 m A;晚高峰时段开放交通条件有效存储能量达76.97 m J,验证了道路压电俘能系统能量采集存储的有效性,从而为道路压电发电技术的规模化铺设应用奠定基础。

To comprehensively test and evaluate the electrical performance of a road piezoelectric energyharvesting system under open traffic conditions,a field test section of the system was paved with sixteen self-developed 15 cm × 15 cm × 3 cm piezoelectric energy-harvesting devices connected in parallel.The electrical output rules of the system under different loads and speeds were systematically studied based on the open-circuit voltage waveform characteristics of the system under random open traffic conditions. Moreover,the best matching resistance for energy collection of the system was determined based on the relationship between different loads and electrical performance. Finally, the energy collection and storage performance of the system was clarified based on the random and open traffic conditions. The results show that the output open-circuit voltage of the road piezoelectric energyharvesting system is 15. 0-29. 6 V and 50. 0-79. 2 V under the condition of being completely crushed by the car and medium-sized vehicles,respectively. The vehicle load has a significant effect on the electrical performance of the system,and the simultaneous rolling of the front and rear axles as well as expansion of the lateral distribution of the wheel track is beneficial to its electrical output. However,the rolling speed per cycle has little effect on the electrical output performance;the average output open-circuit voltage in the speed range of 30-40 km·h-1 to 50-60 km·h-1 increases by only 1. 47%. After matching the load resistance,its output power and output current generally increase first and then gradually decrease as the load resistance increases. Based on this,the best matching resistance for energy harvesting of the system is determined to be 2 kΩ;the corresponding output power is 23. 12 m W and the output current is 3. 3 m A. During the evening peak period,the effective storage energy of the system under the open traffic condition reached 76. 97 m J,which verifies the effectiveness of the energy collection and storage of the system. This work lays the foundation for the large-scale application of road piezoelectric powergeneration technology.