考虑人体热调节的乘员表面温度分布及车内热环境的数值仿真和试验

Experiment and Simulation for Occupant’s Surface Temperature and Thermal Environment with Human Thermal Regulation Model

为研究在瞬态变化的车内热环境下的人体表面温度分布情况及舱内热环境对乘员热舒适性评价的影响,以冬季某轿车乘员舱内热环境为研究对象,实车测试暖风系统开启后车内热流场的动态变化,建立乘员舱流场和温度场的瞬态仿真模型,综合考虑环境参数和人体新陈代谢等因素以及车内热环境与人体热调节模型间的耦合关系。研究结果表明:仿真计算与试验测试结果吻合良好;基于人体热调节模型的仿真计算可得到车内热环境变化下的乘员皮肤温度变化结果;开启暖风后,车内温度在高度方向和前后排乘坐空间均存在显著的不均匀性,后排的热环境均匀性更好;人体散热对乘员舱温度场分布的影响可以忽略,而暖风使不同位置处乘员的皮肤温度上升程度存在明显差异。

To reveal the temperature distribution in a human body and the influence of transient thermal environment on a passenger’s thermal comfort inside a vehicle cabin,a calculation model is developed for a passenger car in winter by coupling the interior thermal environment with the human-body thermal regulation model. The model considers the environment and human metabolism. The parameters of the transition thermal environment inside the cabin are measured when the heating,ventilation,and air conditioning( HVAC) system is turned on for warming. The simulation results were observed to agree well with the measurement results. The simulation model based on the thermal regulation model of the human body is feasible for predicting the change of the passengers’ skin temperature. When the air conditioning is turned on,the air temperature inside the vehicle showed a highly nonuniform distribution along the height direction and in the front and rear cabins. The uniformity of the thermal environment in the rear cabin is better than that in the front cabin. The results show that the effect of the temperature distribution of the cabin caused by human-body heat dissipation can be ignored, while the skin temperature at different seating positions shows varying increases.