西安市3岁儿童行为问题11年前后变化情况研究

Study on epidemiological changes for behavior problems of children aged 3 in Xi'an around 11 years

目的观察3岁儿童11年前后行为问题的变化情况,为幼教工作者、儿保医师及家长提供促进儿童行为健康发展的指导依据。方法采取随机整群抽样的方法从西安市东、西、南、北郊区及城中区各选择一所幼儿园,对所选取幼儿园的所有3岁儿童采用《Achenlach 2~3岁幼儿行为量表》(CBCL)(家长用)进行问卷调查。共进行了2次调查,分别为2007年10月和2018年10月,2次调查的幼儿园相同。问卷由幼儿园各班班主任于第1日发放,家长知情同意后根据儿童近2个月的行为表现匿名填写,第3日收回。2007年、2018年分别发放问卷500份、850份,问卷全部回收后剔除项目填写不全者及空白问卷后有效问卷分别为448份、745份。2007年、2018年实际调查男童分别为240人、333人,女童分别为208人、412人。对所收集的数据使用SPSS 21.0统计软件进行分析。结果3岁儿童睡眠问题、攻击、破坏3个因子的异常率2018年均显著高于2007年,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。2018年总异常率显著高于2007年,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。结论3岁儿童行为问题异常率11年后增高,男童异常率高于女童。提示家长及幼教工作者,在教养过程中,应根据3岁儿童性别的行为特点,给予针对性干预,促进儿童行为的健康发展。

Objective To invesitgate the changes of behavior problems of 3-year-old children before and after 11 years,so as to provide guidance for preschool education workers,child care doctors and parents to promote the healthy development of children's behavior.Methods All 3-year-old children in five kindergartens,which were chosen by cluster random sampling method and from four different suburbs(including East,West,South and north one)and the city center in Xi'an,were investigated using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist Questionnaire for Children Aged 2-3(for parents)(CBCL).Two surveys were conducted,the same kindergartens were surveyed in October 2007 and October 2018 respectively.The questionnaires were distributed by the head teachers of each class in the kindergarten on the first day.After the parents'informed consent,the questionnaires were filled in anonymously according to the children's behavior in the past two months,and were recovered on the third day.In 2007 and 2018,500 and 850 questionnaires were issued respectively.After all the questionnaires were recovered,448 and 745 questionnaires were valid after eliminating incomplete items and blank questionnaires.There were 240 and 333 boys,208 and 412 girls in 2007 and 2018 respectively.The data was analyzed by the SPSS 21.0 software.Results The abnormal rate of sleep problems,aggressive behavior and destruction of 3-year-old children in 2018 was significantly higher than that in 2007,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The total abnormal rate in 2018 was significantly higher than that in 2007(P=0.001).Conclusion The abnormal rate of behavior problems of 3-year-old children increased 11 years later,and the abnormal rate of boys was higher than that of girls.It is suggested that parents and preschool education workers should give targeted intervention according to the gender characteristics of 3-year-old children in the process of education,so as to promote the healthy development of children's behavior.