水利秩序与蒙旗社会——以清代以来黄河河套万家沟小流域变迁史为例

Irrigation System and Mongolian Society—aCase on the Wanjiagou Basin in Hetaoalong Yellow River since Qing Dynasty

黄河河套万家沟小流域的变迁史呈现了水利秩序构建与蒙旗社会演变之间的关系。清代以来,在"走西口"的历史进程中,河套地区逐渐从游牧社会向农耕社会过渡,农田水利渐次开发,定居村落大量形成。在共同的地域空间中,围绕着万家沟清洪水的开发和利用,蒙汉民众交往愈加频繁。地方社会自发地形成了以"村落"为中心的用水秩序。中华人民共和国成立以后,随着国家治理方式的变化,更多村落加入万家沟灌区用水系统。与此同时,蒙汉民众还通过传说故事和祈雨仪式等方式维系水利秩序,这些地方性知识与习俗,不仅成为地域传统的重要组成部分,也持续地推动着当地社会的认同与整合。

The history of the Wanjiagou basin shows the relationship between the construction of the irrigationsystem and the social evolution of the Mongolian soceityinHetao along the Yellow River.Since Qingdynasty,Hetao changed from nomadic society to agriculture society in the process of Zouxikou.There were more and more villages and water facilities in Hetao.In the common geographical space,Mongols and Han people closely related to each other on utilization of the Wanjiagou water."Villages"became the basic organization of water conservancy.During the People’s Republic of China,more and more villages joined into the irrigation system of Wanjiagou as the state changed the ruling way.At the same time,Mongols and Han people maintain the irrigation order through legends and rituals.These knowledge and customs not only become an important part of local tradition,but also continue to promote the identification and integration of the local society.