民国时期甘肃改土归流后土司辖地的归属纠纷

Disputes on the Ownership of the Fiefs after the Reform of Tusi System in Gansu during the Republic Era

民国时期改土归流政策的推行,使土司辖地被纳入与内地一致的省县体系当中。这一过程在解决历史遗留问题的同时,也激化了新的土司辖地的归属纠纷,促使甘肃省政府展开界务调整,但实际勘划并不完全与相关勘界法规相符。狄道赵土司辖地乔家沟以耕种土地租户的籍贯为标准而划归渭源;河州何土司辖地何家堡则在甘青省界调整的过程中被划归永靖;卓尼杨土司辖地拱巴河流域的十余番民村庄,并没有因形式上属"飞地"而就近纳入西固管辖。土司辖地的勘划带有权宜与地方性色彩,反映了民国政府在该区域进行政区调整所遭遇的困境及西北民族地方社会行政改制的复杂性。同时也应该看到,原土司辖地政区的不断调试在一定程度上也促进了区域社会的发展。

During the Republic era,the reform to abolish the Tusi System and promote the fief was incorporated into the provincial and county systems.While resolving the problems left over by history,it also intensified the disputes on the ownership of the Tusi’s fiefs,prompting the government to carry out boundary adjustments,but the actual planning did not fully comply with the relevant border demarcation regulations.Qiaojiagou,Didao Tusi Zhao’s fief,was assigned to Weiyuan based on the domicile of cultivated land tenants;Hejiabao,Hezhou Tusi He’s fief,was assigned to Yongjing during the adjustment of the border between Gansu and Qinghai provinces;villages in the Gongba River of Zhuoni Tusi Yang,were incorporated into Xigu although they were“enclaves”.The demarcation had expediency and locality,reflecting the dilemma encountered by the government and the complexity of the administrative reform of the northwest ethnic local society.At the same time,it could be seen that the continuous adjustment of the Tusi’s fiefs had also promoted the development of regional society to a certain extent.