诉讼保全的实体法视角及其展开

The Substantive Law Perspective of Litigation Preservation and its Development

行为保全制度在法律文本上与相同情形下的先予执行制度呈共存状态,在司法实践中也没有发挥应有的作用。其根源在于传统观念中,诉讼保全只是一种具有程序保障功能的规范。在本质上,诉讼保全是为可能被侵害的权利提供的临时性保护,但这种保护自实体法律确认权利之际就已存在,是实体权利与生俱有的权能。因此,诉讼保全的需求源自于实体权利所固有的请求权。请求权的性质决定了诉讼保全的类型,请求权的内容决定了保全请求的内容。对诉讼保全的理解应当融入实体法的因素,并以此为基础对我国的诉讼保全制度进行结构性改造。

The behavior preservation system coexists with the pre-execution system in the legal text under the same circumstances,and it does not play its due role in judicial practice.The root lies in the traditional concept that litigation preservation is only a norm with a procedural safeguard function.In essence,litigation preservation is temporary protection for rights that may be infringed,but this kind of protection has existed since the substantive law confirms the rights,and it is the inherent power of substantive rights.Therefore,the need for litigation preservation comes from the inherent right of claim of substantive rights.The nature of the claim determines the type of preservation,and the content of the claim determines the content of the preservation request.The understanding of litigation preservation should be integrated into the factors of substantive law and form the foundation of the structure reform of China’s litigation preservation system.