阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对学龄前期儿童认知功能及行为影响的研究

Study on the effects of obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive function and behavior of preschool children

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)对学龄前期儿童认知功能和行为的影响。方法采用病例对照研究,随机选取2019年5月~2020年5月甘肃省睡眠医学中心收治的50例学龄前儿童OSA为OSA组,并匹配同期当地幼儿园的45名健康儿童为对照组。使用《中国修订韦氏幼儿智力量表(C-WYCSI)》及Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL),对所有儿童进行认知功能及行为测试,并对比分析两组儿童的C-WYCSI和CBCL得分。结果 OSA组与对照组学龄前期儿童在总智商、言语智商及操作智商得分方面得分比较,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。OSA组与对照组学龄前期儿童在退缩、焦虑抑郁、躯体主诉、违纪行为、攻击行为、社交问题、思维问题、注意缺陷8个方面的得分比较,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 OSA对学龄前期儿童认知功能和行为产生明显的影响,应尽早制定相应的干预措施以减少OSA对学龄前期儿童的认知功能和行为的损害。

OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) on cognitive function and behavior of preschool children.METHODS A case-control study was used to randomly select 50 preschool children with OSA admitted to Gansu Sleep Medicine Center from May 2019 to May 2020 as the OSA group,and match 45 healthy children from local kindergartens in the same period as the control group.We used physical measurement tools,China Revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(C-WYCSI),and Achenbach Child Behavior Check List(CBCL) for all children cognitive and behavioral testing.RESULTSThe scores of preschool children in the OSA group and the control group were statistically significant in terms of total IQ,verbal IQ and operational IQ scores(P<0.05).The scores of the preschool children in the OSA group and the control group were statistically significant in withdrawal,anxiety and depression,somatic complaints,disciplinary violations,aggressive behaviors,social problems,thinking problems and attention deficits(P<0.05).CONCLUSION OSA has a significant impact on cognitive function and behavior in preschool children,and appropriate intervention measures should be madeas early as possible to reduce the cognitive function and behavior damage of OSA to preschool children.