少数民族流动儿童的社会融入及其影响因素研究——基于四川省的实证调查

Study on the Social Integration and Influencing Factors of Ethnic Migrant Children——An Empirical Survey Based on Sichuan Province

少数民族流动儿童社会融入是我国城镇化进程中不可忽视的社会议题。本研究通过简单随机抽样法对四川省620名7-15岁儿童进行问卷调查,从文化规则融入、社会交往融入、教育融入、家庭支持和心理融入等五个维度测量少数民族流动儿童社会融入情况。结果发现,少数民族流动儿童社会融入得分低于其他儿童,集中表现在文化规则融入方面,其社会融入水平受个人、家庭和学校因素的共同影响。个人层面上,少数民族流动儿童社会融入有显著的性别差异,年龄和身份认同显著影响其社会融入水平;家庭层面上,家庭经济收入较少、家庭教育方式不当和亲子沟通不足是少数民族流动儿童社会融入的制约性因素;从学校层面看,和谐的师生关系和良好的同伴交往有助于提升少数民族流动儿童社会融入水平。基于上述分析,建议一是树立多元身份观,加强民族自豪感;二是重视亲子沟通,改善家庭教育;三是开展多元文化教育,建立人文关怀体系;四是建立家校合作机制,构建全方位育人体系。

The social integration of ethnic migrant children is a social issue that cannot be ignored in the process of urbanization in China.Taking Sichuan Province as an example,this study adopted questionnaire survey among 620 children aged 7-15 in Sichuan province by using a simple random sampling method,and measured the social integration of migrant children from ethnic minorities in five dimensions,including cultural rules integration,social interaction integration,education integration,family support and psychological integration.The research indicated that social integration scores of migrant children from ethnic minorities were lower than other children,which is mainly reflected in the integration of cultural rules.Moreover,it is found that the level of social integration was influenced by the factors of individual,family and school.At the individual level,there are significant gender differences in the social integration of ethnic migrant children,and age and identity significantly affect their social integration level;at the family level,less family income,improper family education and lack of parent-child communication are the limiting factors for the social integration of ethnic migrant children;At the school level,harmonious teacher-student relationship and good peer-to-peer interaction can help improve the social integration of ethnic migrant children.According to above analysis,this paper proposes to establish a multiple identity view and strengthen ethnic pride;to attach importance to parent-child communication and improve family education;to carry out multicultural education and establish a humanistic caring system;and to establish a home-school cooperation mechanism so as to attain a holistic education system.