产后返岗护士职业压力现状及影响因素研究

Study on status and influencing factors of occupational stress in returning postpartum nurses

目的调查产后返岗护士的职业压力现状及影响因素,为减轻产后返岗护士职业压力、促进身心健康提供理论依据。方法采用方便取样法,抽取2019年7—12月湖北省15所二甲及以上医院的产后返岗护士为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、中国护士职业压力调查表进行调查。结果产后返岗护士职业压力总分为99.17±21.22,条目均分为2.83±0.61,得分最高的2个维度分别为"工作量及时间分配"(3.01±0.67)和"患者护理"(2.85±0.63)。多元逐步回归分析显示,工作年限、产后返岗培训情况、产次、此次产后有无并发症、返岗后有无特殊政策照顾是影响产后返岗护士职业压力的主要因素,共同解释因变量总变异的34.6%(调整后R2=0.346,F=19.388,P<0.01)。结论产后返岗护士职业压力处于中度水平,护理管理者应特别关注中高年资、未接受产后返岗培训、生育二孩、此次产后有并发症、返岗后无特殊政策照顾的产后返岗护士,采取有效措施减轻产后返岗护士职业压力。

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of occupational stress in returning postpartum nurses,provide theoretical basis for reducing the occupational stress and promoting physical and mental health of returning postpartum nurses. Methods A convenience sampling method was used to collect the returning postpartum nurses in 15 hospitals at grade-A second-class and above in Hubei Province from July to December in 2019. The general information questionnaire and the Chinese nurses’ occupational pressure questionnaire were used for investigation. Results The total score of occupational stress of returning postpartum nurses was 99.17 ±21.22, the average score of items was 2.83 ±0.61, and the first two dimensions with high scores were "workload and time allocation"(3.01 ±0.67) and "patient care"(2.85 ±0.63). The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that working years, training situation of postpartum return to work, parity, complication after this delivery, and policy support after returning to work were the main factor influencing the occupational stress of nurses returning to work after delivery,which jointly explained 34.6% of total variance of the dependent variables(adjusted R2=0.346, F=19.388, P<0.01). Conclusion The occupational stress of returning postpartum nurses is in the middle level. Nursing managers should pay more attention to the returning postpartum nurses with medium and high seniority, without training of postpartum return to work, with the second child,with postpartum complication at this delivery, and without policy support after returning to work, and take the effective measures to reduce the occupational stress of returning postpartum nurses.