医院磁性水平和职业获益感在临床护士职业紧张与心理健康状况间的双调节作用

Dual moderating effects of hospital magnetic level and professional benefits between occupational stress and mental health status of clinical nurses

目的了解职业紧张、医院磁性水平、职业获益感与心理健康状况的相关性。方法采用便利抽样法,于2019年10月选取济南市某三级甲等医院278名外科护士进行调查,问卷包括一般资料调查表、工作内容问卷、医院磁性要素量表、护士职业获益感问卷及一般健康问卷,并对数据进行分析。结果职业紧张总均分为2.18±0.45,医院磁性水平总均分为1.62±0.72,职业获益感总均分为2.65±0.75,心理健康得分为2.31±0.52;不同学历、工作满意度的护士医院磁性水平及职业获益感得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);职业紧张总均分与医院磁性水平总均分、职业获益感总均分均呈负相关(r=-0.311、-0.351,均P<0.05),与心理健康总分呈正相关(r=0.367,P<0.05);医院磁性水平总均分与职业获益感总均分呈正相关(r=0.377,P<0.05),与心理健康总均分呈负相关(r=-0.264,P<0.05);职业获益感总均分与心理健康总均分呈负相关(r=-0.450,P<0.05);医院磁性水平和职业获益感均负向调节职业紧张对护士心理健康的影响。结论医院磁性水平处于较低水平,医院管理者应积极开展磁性医院创建工作,通过改善护士的职业获益感来降低其职业紧张,提高心理健康状况。

Objective To explore the relationship among occupational stress,hospital magnetic level,professional benefits and mental health. Methods Using convenience sampling method,278 surgical nurses were selected from a grade-A tertiary hospital in Jinan City in October 2019 for investigation. The questionnaire included general information questionnaire,job content questionnaire,hospital magnetic factor scale,nurses’ perceived professional benefits questionnaire and 12-item general health questionnaire. Results The total mean score of occupational stress was 2.18 ±0.45,the total mean score of hospital magnetic level was 1.62±0.72,the total mean score of professional benefit was 2.65 ±0.75,and the mean score of mental health was 2.31 ±0.52.There were statistically significant differences in scores of hospital magnetic level and professional benefits among nurses with different educational level and job satisfaction(all P<0.05). The total mean score of occupational stress was negatively correlated with the total mean score of hospital magnetic level and the total mean score of professional benefit(r=-0.311,-0.351,both P<0.05),and positively correlated with the total score of mental health(r=0.367,P<0.05). The total mean score of hospital magnetic level was positively correlated with the total mean score of professional benefit(r=0.377,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with the total score of mental health(r=-0.264,P<0.05). The total mean score of professional benefit was negatively correlated with the total mean score of mental health(r=-0.450,P<0.05). Hospital magnetic level and occupational benefits negatively regulated the influence of occupational stress on mental health of nurses. Conclusion The hospital magnetic level is at a low level. Hospital managers should actively carry out the establishment of magnetic hospital,and reduce nurses’ occupational stress and improve mental health by improving their sense of professional benefits.