指向实践能力提升的日本教师培养机构活动课程——以香川大学教育学部为例

Practice-Oriented Activity Curriculum of Japanese Teacher Training Institutions:A Case Study of the Faculty of Education of Kagawa University in Japan

加强师范生教育实践是深化教师教育改革、全面提升教师培养质量的重要任务。由教师培养机构开设的指向实践能力提升的活动课程是师范生教育实践的重要组成部分,对师范生丰富阅历、增强专业知识与技能、提升综合素养等具有不可忽视的作用。自20世纪末以来,日本香川大学教育学部在积极响应国家相关政策与行业标准的背景下,结合社会发展需求与自身专业特色,并在关照基础教育一线实情的基础上,开设了种类繁多的实践能力提升课程,包括志愿活动、野外体验活动、社会研修活动、护理体验活动、合宿研修活动、科学节活动等,不仅丰富了师范生的生活体验、增强了他们的专业知识技能,也提高了其综合素养。这些多姿多彩的活动课程具有以下特点:指向综合素养的提升、内容与功能全面多样、在制度上原则性与灵活性相结合、与当地教育主管部门协作、积极融入社会并拓宽资源渠道、活动管理稳中有序。上述特点对我国教师培养机构开展实践教育有着一定的借鉴意义。

The prime task of further reforming teacher education and promoting the quality of teacher preparation in a comprehensive way is to enhance the practical education of pre-service teachers.Various practical abilities enhancement curricula conducted by teacher training institutions are important parts of the practical education of pre-service teachers.Those activities play a vital role in broadening pre-service teachers’horizon,strengthening their specialty-related knowledge and skills,and cultivating their overall practical abilities.From the end of last century onwards,by taking into consideration relevant national policies,professional standards,requirements of social development,major features,and K-12 education contexts,Faculty of Education of Kagawa University in Japan has successfully designed colorful practice-oriented curricula,including volunteer activities,outdoor activities,social activities,caring activities,field activities,scientific festival activities,and so on.Not only do these activities greatly enrich pre-service teachers’life experiences and improve their professional knowledge and skills,but these activities also enhance their overall literacy.The characteristics of these colorful and useful activity-based curricula are reflected in the strengthening of overall abilities,abundance in contents and function,combination of systematic rigidity and flexibility,cooperation with the local government,the integration of social resources,and management with stableness and order.All these characteristics shed lights on the practical education of Chinese teacher training institutions.