局部变应性鼻炎的研究进展

Research progress on local allergic rhinitis

局部变应性鼻炎(LAR)是近年来新提出的一种变应性鼻炎(AR)表型,为非特应性患者中出现的鼻腔局部I型变态反应。患者有鼻痒、喷嚏、流涕、鼻堵等症状及鼻腔局部特异性IgE(sIgE)和(或)鼻腔变应原激发试验(NPT)阳性,可向AR转化并合并哮喘、结膜炎。虽皮肤点刺实验(SPT)及血清sIgE无阳性结果,但该类患者对变应原免疫治疗有效。目前对于LAR这一概念的认识还较初步,本文对LAR的概况、诊断、病理、免疫机制、治疗及与其他特异性疾病的关系等方面的研究进展作一综述。

Local Allergic Rhinitis(LAR) is a newly proposed phenotype of allergic rhinitis in recent years,which is defined as the localized nasal type I allergic response in non-atopic patients.Patients have clinical symptoms of itching, sneezing, runny nose and nasal obstruction with nasal provocation test and/or local specific IgE positive. Part of LAR can develop into allergic rhinitis(AR)or complicate with conjunctivitis and/or asthma. Allergen immunotherapy is proved to be effective. Although the skin prick test and serum specific IgE were not positive, these patients responded to allergen immunotherapy.At present, the understanding of the concept of LAR is relatively preliminary.This paper reviewed the advances in the general situation, diagnosis, pathology, immune mechanism and treatment of LAR,and its relationship with other specific diseases in recent years.