北京综合性社区鸟类群落构成及其季节变化——以中国林业科学研究院社区为例

Bird Community Composition and Its Seasonal Variation in Comprehensive Communities in Beijing:A Case Study of Chinese Academy of Forestry

为了解城市社区生物多样性的季节变化特点,文章以城市鸟类为研究对象,于2018年4月—2019年3月,利用样线法对林科院社区进行实地鸟类调查,并通过鸟类丰富度、多样性、均匀度等指数探讨鸟类群落结构的季节变化规律。调查共记录到鸟类31种,其中,留鸟12种、旅鸟10种、夏候鸟4种、冬候鸟3种;全年优势种为麻雀(Passer montanus)和灰喜鹊(Cyanopica cyanus);鸟类区系以古北界为主,生态类群以鸣禽为主,取食方式以虫食性为主;鸟类群落结构季节变化显著(从种类看,秋季最多,春季次之,夏季最少,并于10月份达到了峰值;从数量看,冬季最多,秋季次之,夏季最少,并于8月份达到最低值,11月份达到最高值);鸟类群落结构变化的原因主要来自于候鸟的季节性迁徙和留鸟的季节性繁殖。

In order to understand the seasonal variations of biodiversity in urban communities, the research conducts the field surveys of urban birds in the Chinese Academy of Forestry between April 2018 and March 2019 using the transect method, and discusses the seasonal variations of bird community structure by the index of bird richness, diversity and evenness. A total of 31 species of birds are recorded in the survey, including 12 species of resident birds, 10 species of migratory birds, 4 species of summer migratory birds and 3 species of winter migratory birds. The dominant species throughout the year are sparrows(Passer montanus) and gray magpies(Cyanopica cyanus). The bird fauna is dominated by the Paleo-Northern Territory, the ecological group is dominated by songbirds, and the feeding method is dominated by insectivores. The bird community structure has significant seasonal changes. In terms of bird species, there is the largest number of species in the autumn, reaching its peak in October, which is followed by the spring, while there is the least in the summer. In terms of bird number, there is the largest number in the winter, followed by the autumn, while there is the least in the summer, reaching the lowest in August and the highest in November. The variations of bird community structure mainly results from the seasonal migration of migratory birds and the seasonal reproduction of resident birds.