新加坡和日本城市生物多样性指标的借鉴与启示

Reference and Enlightenment of City Biodiversity Index in Singapore and Japan

城市中广泛存在的生物多样性是全球生物多样性保护的重要组成部分,城市生物多样性保护工作需要从量度和确认标准开始。文章主要介绍了新加坡指标和日本指标以及基于"驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应模型"的城市生物多样性指标概念框架,并指出城市生物多样性指标开发的发展方向,即构建覆盖全尺度的城市生物多样性指标、建设合作共享的信息基础设施、评价城市生物多样性指标本身;最后,结合我国城市生物多样性指标现状和国家对城市发展的要求,从城市本土生物多样性、生态系统服务功能、城市管理措施角度出发,提出我国城市生物多样性指标的开发构想。

City biodiversity is an important part of global biodiversity conservation,and city biodiversity conservation needs to start with measurement and criteria.This paper introduces the Singapore index and Japanese index,and also introduces city biodiversity index conceptual framework which is developed based on the"driving force-pressure-status-impact-response model".The trend of city biodiversity index development is pointed out,i.e.,to build a city biodiversity index of different scales,to build cooperative and shared information infrastructure and to evaluate city biodiversity index itself.At the end,in view of the status quo of city biodiversity index in China and the requirements of urban development,this paper proposes the conception of city biodiversity index development in China from the perspectives of local urban biodiversity,ecosystem service functions and urban management measures.