基于绿色基础设施理论的城市滨河景观设计策略——以株洲市湘江景观带为例

Urban Riverfront Landscape Design Strategy Based on Green Infrastructures:A Case Study of Xiangjiang Riverfront Park,Zhuzhou

传统设计体制的被动性导致了滨河景观设计的尺度断裂、空间割裂及其工程技术不生态等问题,并最终导致滨河景观生态系统及功能的退化。绿色基础设施(简称"GI")因其具有程序主动、尺度多层级链接、功能多样复合等优势,是解决以上问题的有效理论。文章先从GI视角对滨河景观的复合生态功能及3个设计尺度进行认识,进而在GI空间组织原理指引下提出滨河景观设计技术路线,其途径是构建宏观上支撑河流廊道及城市GI网络的城市滨河景观区,中观上是多个单要素景观系统空间及功能整合的滨河景观实体,微观上是高效的生态服务场所及工程技术;最后,对株洲湘江景观带的中观尺度设计策略进行实证研究,即将优先构建的生物多样性等5个单要素景观系统在空间上整合生成生物多样性、生态防洪堤、生态游憩3大空间及相应设计导则。

The passive nature of the traditional design system has resulted in the problems such as scale fracture and spatial fragmentation of riverside landscape design, and ecological inefficiency of engineering technology, which ultimately leads to the degradation of riverside landscape ecosystems and functions. Green Infrastructure(GI) is an effective theory to solve the above problems because of its advantages of proactive procedures, multi-level links and multiple functions. The paper firstly understands the compound ecological functions and three design scales of the riverside landscape from the GI perspective, and then proposes the technical route of riverside landscape design under the guidance of GI spatial organization principles. The approach is to build an urban riverside landscape area that supports river corridors and urban GI networks on a macro level, a riverside landscape entity with integrated multi-single-element landscape system space and integrated functions on a meso level, and efficient ecological service sites and engineering technology on a micro level. At the end, an empirical study of the meso-scale design strategy of the Xiangjiang Riverside Linear Park in Zhuzhou is carried out. The 5-single-element landscape system including biodiversity, which will be prioritized to be constructed, will be spatially integrated into three major spaces of biodiversity, ecological flood dikes and ecological recreation,and into the corresponding design guidelines.