金针菇菌渣饲料中添加纤维素酶及甘露寡糖对草鱼生长、肠道结构及血清生理生化指标的影响

Effects of Adding Cellulase and Mannan Oligosaccharides in Flammulina Velutipes Medium Residue Diet on Growth,Intestinal Structure and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Grass Carp

为促进金针菇菌渣在草鱼配合饲料中的应用。实验以商品饲料为空白对照组(Ⅰ组),在商品饲料中添加15%的金针菇菌渣作为对照组(Ⅱ组),在对照组饲料中分别添加0.05%的纤维素酶(Ⅲ组)、0.05%的甘露寡糖(Ⅳ组)作为实验组,共配制4组等氮等脂实验饲料。以初始体重(20.01±0.05)g的草鱼为研究对象,每组设置三个重复,每个重复40尾草鱼,养殖持续56 d。结果显示:Ⅱ组草鱼增重率(WGR)与Ⅰ组没有显著差异(P>0.05),而Ⅲ组及Ⅳ组增重率显著高于Ⅱ组及Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组草鱼肠道淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而Ⅲ组及Ⅳ组淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性显著高于Ⅱ组及Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组草鱼肠道绒毛高度、杯状细胞数目显著大于Ⅱ组及Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅳ组草鱼肠道杯状细胞数目显著大于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组草鱼血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性及总胆汁酸(TBA)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而Ⅳ组谷草转氨酶活性、尿素氮(BUN)及总胆固醇(T-CHO)含量显著低于Ⅱ组及Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组草鱼血清补体3(C3)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量,抗超氧阴离子(ASAFR)活性显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),而Ⅳ组补体3及免疫球蛋白M显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),丙二醛含量显著低于Ⅱ组及Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综上,15%的金针菇菌渣会影响草鱼肝脏、肠道组织功能,降低抗氧化性能;添加0.05%的纤维素酶可提高草鱼增重率,改善肠道结构与功能;添加0.05%的甘露寡糖可以提高草鱼增重率,增强肠道消化酶活性,提高机体非特异性免疫力。

To promote the application of Flammu⁃lina velutipes medium residue in grass carp com⁃pound diet.The commercial diet was used for a blank control group(Ⅰ).15%Flammulina velu⁃tipes medium residue was added to the commer⁃cial diet as the control group(Ⅱ).0.05%cellu⁃lase(Ⅲ)and 0.05%manno oligosaccharide(Ⅳ)were added to the control group(Ⅱ)diet as the experi⁃mental group.There is 4 groups of experimental diets with equal crude protein and crude lipid.The grass carps with an initial body weight of(20.01±0.05)g were used for the experimental animal.Three replicates were set in each group,and 40 grass carp were repeated for each replicate.The breeding ex⁃periment lasted 56 days.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the weight gain rate of grass carp between groupⅡand groupⅠ(P>0.05),but the weight gain rate of grass carp in groupsⅢand groupⅣwas significantly higher than that in groupⅡand groupⅠ(P<0.05).The activi⁃ty of amylase and lipase in the intestine of grass carp in groupⅡwas significantly lower than that in groupⅠ(P<0.05),but the activity of amylase and trypsin in groupⅢand groupⅣwas higher than that in groupⅡand groupⅠ(P<0.05).The intestinal villi height and the number of goblet cells in groupⅢwere significantly greater than those in groupⅡand groupⅠ(P<0.05),and intestinal villi height and the number of goblet cells in groupⅣwas significantly higher than those in groupⅡ(P<0.05).The GOT,GPT and TBA in groupⅡwere significantly higher than those in groupⅠ(P<0.05),and the GOT,BUN,and T-CHO in groupⅣwere significantly lower than that in groupⅡand groupⅠ(P<0.05).The C3,IgM and ASAFR in groupⅡwere significantly lower than that in groupⅠ(P<0.05),and MDA was significantly higher than that in groupⅠ(P<0.05).But the C3 and IgM in groupⅣwere sig⁃nificantly higher than those in groupⅡ(P<0.05)and the MDA was significantly lower than that in groupⅡand groupⅠ(P<0.05).In summary,15%Flammulina velutipes medium residue in the diet will affect the function of the liver and intestinal tissues and reduce the antioxidant performance of grass carp.0.05%cellulase can significantly increase the weight gain rate and improve the structure and function of the intestine;while 0.05%mannose oligosaccharide can significantly increase the weight gain rate and the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes,and enhance the innate immunity of grass carp.