“人道主义—发展—和平”关联:欧盟的政策、实践和困境

The“Humanitarian-Development-Peace”Nexus:The EU’s Policy,Practice and Dilemma

冷战结束以来,关于人道主义、发展与安全概念的认知不断拓展,对“人道主义—发展”“发展—安全”以及“人道主义—安全”之间联系的认识也逐渐成形并不断深化,最终形成了“人道主义—发展—和平”的“三角关联”。欧盟长期致力于推动人道主义、发展、安全事务之间的相互协调与融合,在政策制定和实践层面积累了丰富的经验。“三角关联”的提出是包括欧盟在内的传统援助方从自身立场和经验出发,力求改善援助效果的又一次尝试。尽管传统援助方标榜其主要目的在于改善受援国的人道主义、发展和安全状况,但事实上更多是为了维护自身的发展和安全利益。而欧盟的实践也表明,“三角关联”的落实在理念、机制和能力等具体实践层面存在重要障碍。因此,“三角关联”的理念不仅很难得到充分落实,也难以为广大发展中受援国摆脱贫困、实现繁荣和稳定做出重要贡献。

The connotations of“humanitarianism”,“development”and“security”have been expanded and largely entrenched with the end of Cold War,which resulted finally in the“Humanitarianism-Development-Peace”nexus(the“triple nexus”).The European Union has been a forerunner in coordinating and integrating humanitarian,development and security affairs.The introduction of the“triple nexus”represents an endeavor of the traditional donors,including the European Union,to improve aid effectiveness.Although the traditional donors assert that the“triple nexus”aims at improving the humanitarian,developmental and security situations in the recipient countries,it serves the interests of the donors rather than those of the receivers.Moreover,Europe’s efforts demonstrate that it is facing difficulties in the areas of principle,institution and capacity when putting the“triple nexus”into practice.Therefore,while the“triple nexus”can hardly be implemented to the fullest extent,it can neither contribute much in helping the developing countries to eradicate poverty nor achieve prosperity and peace.