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长江口盐沼湿地沉积物重金属空间分布特征及其潜在生态风险评价 被引量:9

Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of sediment heavy metals from salt marsh of Yangtze River estuary
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摘要 为了评估长江口藨草盐沼湿地有机污染现状及重金属潜在生态风险,了解重金属在较大空间尺度上的分布特征和垂岸生境间的变化格局,本试验于2018年8—9月从芦潮港(LCG)、南汇东滩(NHDT)、炮台湾(PTW)、团结沙(TJS)和东旺沙(DWS)5个湿地的不同生境(光滩、藨草、互花米草或芦苇)采集沉积物,并对Cu、Cr、Zn、Mn、As、Pb、Cd 7种重金属和碳氮含量(质量分数,下同)进行了测定。结果表明:沉积物7种重金属、有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)含量及粒径(GS)在5个湿地间均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);芦潮港和南汇东滩大多数重金属含量由海向陆有逐渐增加的趋势;随着高程增加,炮台湾的Cu、Cr、Mn、Pb、Cd含量和团结沙的Cu、Cr和Cd含量有下降的趋势,炮台湾的Zn、As含量和团结沙的Zn、Mn和As含量有先增加后下降的趋势,团结沙的Pb含量有增加的趋势;仅芦潮港的Zn(P<0.05)、TN(P<0.01),南汇东滩的Cu(P<0.05)、TN(P<0.01)和TOC(P<0.01),炮台湾的Cr、Mn(P<0.01)、As(P<0.05)和Cd(P<0.05),团结沙的Zn、Cd、TN和TOC(P<0.01)在生境间均存在显著性差异;7种重金属两两间呈显著正相关(P<0.01)且均与TOC呈显著正相关(P<0.01),Cu、Cr、Zn、Mn、Pb均与GS呈显著负相关(P<0.05);长江口湿地沉积物的Cd污染(1.11 mg/kg±0.04 mg/kg)最为严重,具高生态风险(Er=192.30),5个湿地均具有高到很高的生态风险(RI值为175.41~297.48),均存在较严重的有机污染(OI指数为0.17~0.43)和严重的有机氮污染(ON指数为0.16~0.26)。研究表明,水动力沉积分异作用的不同导致重金属在5个盐沼湿地间的差异及垂岸分布格局的复杂性,垂岸分布的复杂性可能与植物对重金属的吸收和富集作用等因素有关,需要加强研究。 The contents of heavy metals Cu,Cr,Zn,Mn,As,Pb,and Cd and carbon and nitrogen were determined in the sediment samples collected from different habitats including bare tidal flat and salt marshs with Scirpus,Spartina alterniflora and/or Phragmites australis in tidal flat of five sites including Luchao Port(LCG),Eastern Nanhui(NHDT),Dongwangsha(DWS)and Tuanjiesha(TJS)of Eastern Chongming Wetland and Paotaiwan Wetland Forest Park(PTW)in Yangtze River estuary in August and September,2018 in order to evaluate the potential ecological risk(PER)of heavy metals and organic pollution of sediments from salt marsh of the Yangtze River estuary,and to reveal their large-scale distribution characteristics and change pattern along different habitats.There were significant differences in the concentrations of the seven heavy metals,total organic carbon(TOC),total nitrogen(TN),and grain size(GS)of sediments among the five sampling sites(P<0.05).An increasing tendency of the concentrations of the most heavy metals was observed along habitats from the sea to the land in LCG and NHDT and Pb in TJS,and the reverse were found for Cu,Cr,Mn,Pb,Cd in PTW and Cu,Cr,Cd in TJS.The trends from rise to decline were observed for Zn and As in PTW and for Zn,Mn and As in TJS.However,the significant differences in concentrations of a few heavy metals and nutrients such as Zn(P<0.05)and TN(P<0.01)were only found between habitats in LCG,Cu(P<0.05),TN(P<0.01)and TOC(P<0.01)in NHDT,Cr,Mn(P<0.01),As(P<0.05)and Cd(P<0.05)in PTW,and Zn,Cd,TN and TOC(P<0.01)in TJS.There were significantly positive correlations between heavy metals in the seven heavy metals,all of which were significantly and positively correlated with TOC(P<0.01).The significantly negative relationships between GS and the five heavy metals other than As and Cd were detected(P<0.05).The cadmium was shown to be the most polluted heavy metal with mean concentration of(1.11±0.04)mg/kg and high PER(192.30)in the salt marsh sediments of Yangtze River estuary.The high PER to very high PER,PER index ranging from 175.41 to 297.48,in the five sites were also confronted with relatively serious organic pollution(organic index fluctuating from 0.17 to 0.43),and with seriously pollution of organic nitrogen(organic nitrogen index fluctuating from 0.16 to 0.26).The findings indicated that the differences in concentrations of heavy metals among the five sites and the complex of their change patterns along different habitats from the sea to land was attributed to the strength of the hydrodynamically controlled sedimentary differentiation,whose complex might be involved in the absorption and accumulation of heavy metal by salt marshes,which needs further research.
作者 张诺 刘其根 陈丽平 展源 胡忠军 ZHANG Nuo;LIU Qigen;CHEN Liping;ZHAN Yuan;HU Zhongjun(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai 201306, China;Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China)
出处 《大连海洋大学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第1期135-146,共12页 Journal of Dalian Ocean University
基金 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0506003)。
关键词 长江口 盐沼湿地 沉积物 重金属 污染评价 Yangtze River estuary salt marsh sediment heavy metal pollution assessment
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