砖石古塔结构特点及防震减灾对策刍议——以德阳孝泉龙护舍利宝塔抢险支护为例

Discussion on the Structural Characteristics and Countermeasures of Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation of Ancient Masonry Pagodas—A Case Study of the Emergency Support of Longhu Pagoda in Xiaoquan,Deyang

文章记述了德阳孝泉龙护舍利宝塔在2008年汶川“5·12”特大地震后残损情况、抢险支护措施、建筑形制以及震后清理中的新发现,并提出中国砖石古塔独特的结构特点与一般而言的砌体不同,因其灰浆强度极低,是依靠砌筑块体自身重力产生的摩擦力来抵抗侧向力的。进而对砖石古塔防震减灾对策提出了初步思考,建议通过加强砖石古塔预防性保护力度,完善结构分析理论与方法,做好震前基础性研究,构建砖石古塔防震减灾预案的实施程序,形成导则并借鉴国际先进经验。

This paper describes the damages of the Longhu Pagoda in Xiaoquan,Deyang,after the 2008 Wenchuan“5·12”earthquake,and the emergency interventions,its architectural form and new discoveries in the post-earthquake clean-up.It is pointed out that the unique structural characteristics of ancient Chinese masonry pagodas are different from those of general masonry construction,as the friction generated by the gravity of masonry blocks can resist lateral forces due to its extremely low mortar strength.Preliminary earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation countermeasures include strengthening the preventive protection,improve the theory and method of structural analysis,conduct basic research before earthquakes,formulate the implementation procedure of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation plan for the ancient masonry pagoda,design guidelines,and reference to advance international experiences.