仿真技术在汽车碰撞分析中的应用

APPLICATION OF SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY IN VEHICLE COLLISION ANALYSIS

汽车的安全技术包括主动安全和被动安全两个方面。在汽车被动安全性的研究中,汽车碰撞安全性研究是汽车被动安全技术的重要内容。随着汽车行业和计算机仿真技术的不断发展和进步,碰撞仿真技术被广泛应用在汽车车身结构的耐撞性能、乘员保护系统、人体在受到撞击时的损伤机理及响应研究中。论述了汽车碰撞仿真技术的基础理论和常用软件,并采用显式非线性软件LS-DYNA对某车型的前防撞梁系统100%正面碰撞过程进行仿真模拟,分析了前防撞梁的碰撞变形过程。研究结果表明:相比于台车碰撞试验,碰撞仿真技术试验周期短、成本低,可以模拟任意试验条件和工况参数,轻松获取各个位置变形数据。但是,现阶段的碰撞仿真技术还不能够完全实现整车碰撞过程中所有的结构变动模拟,碰撞仿真和实车碰撞相结合仍是汽车碰撞安全性研究的重要手段。

Automobile safety technology includes active safety and passive safety.And the vehicle collision safety research is an important content of vehicle passive safety technology.With the continuous progress of automobile industry and computer simulation technology,collision simulation technology is widely used in the research of Crashworthiness of automobile body structure,occupant protection system,human body damage mechanism and response in impact.This paper discusses the basic theory and common software of vehicle collision simulation technology,and adopts explicit nonlinear software LS-DYNA to simulate the 100%frontal collision process of a vehicle's front bumper system,and analyzes the collision deformation process of the front bumper.The results show that the crash simulation technology has the advantages of short test cycle,low cost,which can simulate any test conditions and operating parameters and easily obtain the deformation data of any position,compared with the sled crash test.However,the current collision simulation technology cannot fully realize the structural changes simulation during the process of vehicle collision.Therefore the combination of collision simulation and real vehicle collision is still an important means of vehicle collision safety research.