实践教育学的古今之争——以亚里士多德与康德为范例

The Dispute of Practical Pedagogy between the Past and the Present——Taking Aristotle and Kant as Examples

实践哲学是实践教育学的理论基石,实践教育学因实践哲学的不同而不同。在实践哲学的历史上,亚里士多德是实践哲学的奠基者,康德则开创了另一种与亚里士多德相对立的实践哲学传统。这两种对立的实践哲学的传统分别塑造了两种对立的实践教育学。两种实践教育学的对立,具体体现为两点:康德的实践教育学的性质是理想性的,与之对立,古典实践教育学的性质则是经验性的;康德的实践教育学采用了“原则—实验”的研究方法,与之对立,古典实践教育学采用了“经验—辩证”的研究方法。

Practical philosophy is the theoretical foundation of practical pedagogy.Practical pedagogy is different with practical philosophy.In the history of practical philosophy,Aristotle was the founder of the practical philosophy.And Kant initiated another tradition of practical philosophy opposite to Aristotle.These two opposite traditions of practical philosophy have shaped two opposite practical pedagogy respectively.The antagonism between the two kinds of practical pedagogy is embodied in two aspects:the nature of Kant's practical pedagogy is ideal,while the nature of classical practical pedagogy is empirical.Kant’s practical pedagogy adopted the research method of“principle-experiment”,while the classical practical pedagogy adopted the research method of“experience-dialectic”.